Suchergebnisse

This article is the complete text of the keynote address delivered at the 1989 International Personnel Management Association Assessment Council Conference, held in Orlando, Florida. In this article, Anastasi discusses the magnitude of changes in psychological testing and the rapidity of their development. She described trends taking place in three categories: the role of the test user, technical methodology of test construction, and substantive interpretation of test scores. The focus on the test user emphasizes efforts to correct the misuses of tests by unqualified persons in education, industry, clinical practice, and other applied settings. Anastasi reviews the importance of test users having knowledge about the statistical properties of test scores, the psychological characteristics of the behavior assessed, and confirmatory data from other sources, in order to make an adequately informed sustantive interpretation of test scores. The increasing emphasis on qualified test users has in no way diminished the concern for psychometrically sound instruments. Anastasi outlines approaches to the development of valid tests through multiple procedures, which are employed sequentially, at different stages of test construction. Several examples describe special techniques for local validation purposes. The contribution of validity generalization, item response theory, and adaptive testing are reviewed. Subjective interpretation of test scores requires knowledge about the behavior domain assessed by the test. Many current misuses and misinterpretations of test scores result from erroneous or outdated knowledge about human behavior. Proper interpretation of test scores are examined in relation to real-life contexts—both past and present—within the framework of cultural diversity.

La tesi si propone il progetto e lo sviluppo di un'architettura software per la contrattazione e la gestione della qualità del servizio (QoS) in applicazioni web. In particolare, la tesi è incentrata sullo studio di applicazioni di tipo soft real-time che offrono i propri servizi tramite un'interfaccia web. In tali applicazioni è necessario, per poter soddisfare particolari politiche aziendali, contrattare la QoS tra il cliente ed il fornitore del servizio: il problema viene affrontato con riferimento ad un modello basato sulla stipula di accordi. Affinché la QoS contrattata possa essere effettivamente garantita dal soggetto fornitore, è necessario che si utilizzi un'opportuna politica di gestione delle risorse: in particolare viene fatto riferimento alle tecniche di resource reservation, utilizzate all'interno della struttura concorrente di un server web. Infine, viene verificato che l'utilizzo di un'architettura di questo tipo permette di fornire garanzie di qualità del servizio che è difficile garantire altrimenti, soprattutto in condizioni di carico elevato del sistema.

This research delves into the intricate relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and Research and Development (R&D) spending in middle-income countries, with a particular focus on the concept of the “middle-income trap.” R&D spending is a key input for innovating and the creation of indigenous technology, which is key for middle-income countries to avoid the middle-income trap and advance towards high-income status. The study aims to determine whether FDI inflows act as a catalyst or a hindrance for R&D spending within the middle-income world. Utilizing Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions to analyze data across various middle-income nations, a negative correlation between FDI inflows and R&D spending emerges. This counterintuitive result challenges the prevailing notion that FDI invariably promotes domestic innovation and raises questions about its role in potentially perpetuating the middle-income trap. These findings carry profound implications for both theoretical understanding and practical policy-making. They suggest that middle-income countries need to exercise caution in embracing FDI, balancing it with initiatives that foster domestic innovation capabilities. This approach could be pivotal in enabling these countries to successfully transition to high-income status, avoiding the stagnation often associated with the middle-income trap.

This paper attempts to explain the middle-income trap from the lens of an amended world-systems theory, in which capitalists within the semi-periphery are taken into account. It rejects that developing countries should pursue an import-substitution industrialization strategy, and instead argues developing countries should pursue a strategy similar to South Korea's. An export-oriented industrialization strategy, with tight limits on foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational corporations (MNCs) operating within the economy, building up state capacity in order to form a close collaborative, not corrupting relationship between private businesses and the state, and calls for heavy investments in human capital and industrial upgrading. This would ensure that surplus value does not leave the country nor does it lay idle in the hands of domestic capitalists. It also calls for changes to the global economic governance regime, such as common rules for FDI and taxes on MNCs, on the part of developing countries in order to create a more development friendly international economic system.

As of now, there has been a relatively insufficient amount of scholarship tying Marxist theory to Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). This article argues that Marxists should take a closer look at the economic theory. MMT is a normative theory and could be used to promote any worldview or theory. Marxists should use it to argue for and, if implemented, manage non-reformist reforms such as a Job Guarantee and publicly funded elections. These reforms could raise the material and working conditions of the working class, strengthen class consciousness, and condition society for a post-capitalist economic system.

Hour after hour, box by box, and bag by bag, the team of students
transferred the thousands of food items warehoused in a second-floor
conference room at the Fletcher Library on Arizona State
University's West campus. Employing techniques they had developed
over the six weeks of a campus-wide food drive, they formed a chain,
tossing food back from the conference room to a waiting cart, then
down an elevator, to a 16-foot rental truck waiting at the library
loading dock. There, another student team, most sweating profusely
in the 95 degrees of a spring day in Phoenix, rolled the items into
the truck and stacked them. Ultimately, the truck would sag under
the weight of tens of thousands of food items beginning the first
leg of a journey to a community center that serves hot lunches to
children in some of the poorest shantytown neighborhoods of Nogales,
Mexico. The authors would like to
thank for their support and guidance in the project Barbara
Tinsley, Ila Abernathy, Esther Torres, Francisco Trujillo, Jessi
Pederson, Lisa Steenson, Emily Taylor, and Esmeralda Gonzalez;
and for their helpful comments the anonymous referees for this
journal.