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"The pandemic has accelerated the digital transformation in tourism and there has been a surge in new, innovative digital initiatives to help tourism businesses. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the nature of tourism, events and practices in the digital context. The book looks at how technology has transformed tourism in destination branding, marketing, content marketing, sustainable tourism development and tourism events. It examines the impact of digital transformation on emotions, experiences, information technology tools and marketing techniques. The book will be a useful reference to those researching on tourism, culture, hospitality and marketing and as well as destination planners, managers of tourism destination marketing organizations, regulators, standards and certification bodies, local tourism board authorities and policy makers"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Part I Conceptual Discussions -- 1 Digital Innovation in Tourism Events: Theoretical Underpinnings and Conceptual Discussions -- Introduction -- Digital Innovation Driven Events Tourism -- Evaluation of Models Related to Digital Innovation and Situational Realities -- Digital Innovation in Tourism Events for Competitive Advantages -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Cases From Asia -- 2 Events at Nature-Based Destinations of Bangladesh: Use of Information and Communication Technology in Marketing -- Introduction -- Events at Nature-Based Destinations of Bangladesh -- Rashmela -- Honey Hunting -- Baishabi Festival -- Boat Racing -- Full Moon Festival -- Wangala Festival -- Shiv Chaturdashi Fair -- Other Existing and Potential Festivals -- ICT-based Marketing of Nature-Based Event Tourism in Bangladesh -- Concluding Remarks, Policy Directions and Future Research -- References -- 3 Exploring the Light Show Landscaping at Traditional Festivals and Events in China -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Night-time Tourism -- Lightscape in a Tourism Context -- Light Show Technology Applied in Urban Cities and Traditional Festivals -- Methodology -- Results -- Light Show Landscaping Elements -- Tourism Resources -- Aesthetic Images Created By Light Show Technology -- Traditional Festival and Event Symbols -- Advertisements -- Slogans for Political Events -- Background Music -- Factors Influencing Light Show Landscaping -- Tourists' Emotional Experience On the Light Show -- Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 4 Goddess in Digital Space: A Study On Dynamics of Digitalization in Autumn Festival of India -- Introduction -- Tracing the Festival-Event-Technology-Tourism Interaction.

Introduction -- Part One: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Concepts and Applications -- Part Two: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Marketing Contexts -- Part Three: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: The Purposes of Social Media -- Part Four: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Customer Perceptions -- Part Five: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Customer Relations -- Part Six: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Decision Making -- Part Seven: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Tourist Experience -- Part Eight: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Tourist Loyalty -- Part Nine: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Destination Promotion -- Part Ten: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Smart City Involvement -- Part Eleven: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: The Aviation Industry -- Part Twelve: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Cross Country Cases -- Part Thirteen: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Economic Development Perspective -- Part Fourteen: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Sustainability Concern -- Part Fifteen: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Issues and Challenges -- Part Sixteen: Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry: Elements for Changes.

Introduction -- Part One Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Theoretical Discussions -- Part Two Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Influential Factors -- Part Three Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Perceptions and Effects -- Part Four Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Destination Branding -- Part Five Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Cases -- Part Six Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Challenges and Solutions -- Part Seven Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Directions for Future Research -- Conclusion.

1. Thirty Years of Research on Application of Technology in Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Systematic Literature Review -- 2. Technology Application in Tourism in Asia -- 3. Technology Application in Tourism in Asia: Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis -- 4. Technological Innovations in Asian Tourism -- 5. The Role of ICT Applied to Tourism and Marketing in Asia -- 6. Emerging Technologies in Tourism for a Better Experience: The Case of Dubai -- 7. Technology Application in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of the Middle East Asia -- 8. The Role of Mobile Applications in Jordanian Hospitality Operations, Businesses and Service Perception -- 9. Digital Trends in Asian Hotel Industry -- 10. Analysis of the Use of Digital Technologies in the Tourism Sector: Evidence from Kazakhstan -- 11. Technology Application in the Iranian Tourism Industry -- 12. Hospitality Curriculum Reform with the Integration of Big Data Technology for Bachelor Program in China Mainland and Taiwan: Exploration of the Stakeholders' Perspectives -- 13. Technology Application in the Chinese Tourism Industry -- 14. Technology Application in the Japanese Tourism Industry: Destination Promotion -- 15. Mobile Technology and Applications in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Hong Kong -- 16. The Mobiquitous Role of M-tourism Application in Driving Sustainable Tourism Sector in Thailand -- 17. Virtual Tourism Experience: A Tale from Malaysia -- 18. Sentiment Analysis and its Applications in Assessing Visit Preferences Pre and Post COVID-19: An Indonesian Perspective -- 19. Ubiquitous role of Technology based Social Media Application in the Vietnamese Tourism Industry -- 20. Information and Communication Technology Application in the Indian Tourism Industry -- 21. Internet of Things: Designing Digital Eco-Systems for Competitive Tourism related Micro and Small Enterprises in Pakistan -- 22. Connecting the Connected: How is Sri Lanka Prepared to Respond to Digital Tourists? -- 23. Tourism in Bangladesh: The Application of Technologies -- 24. Overcoming Overtourism through Technology: The Case of Asian Cities -- 25. Smart Tourism: Foundations, Developments and Management in Asia -- 26. Mobile Technology's Role in Tourism of Asia: Patents, Articles, News, and Feedback of Mobile Tour Applications -- 27. Technology Application in the Asian Tourism Industry in Future.

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction: In the Shadow of Beat City? Metal on Merseyside -- Metal in Liverpool -- Liverpool in Metal -- Approaching Metal on Merseyside: Reflections on Methodology -- References -- Discography -- Chapter 2: From Troggs to Headbangers: The Historical Development of Metal on Merseyside -- Early Years: 1969-1976 -- Liverpool and the Emergence of Heavy Rock: A Minority Interest? -- Heavy Rock and Subcultural Tensions -- O'Connor's Tavern -- The Liverpool Stadium -- The Moonstone and Liverpool's Pub Rock Scene -- Stable Foundations for a Live Heavy Rock and Metal Scene: 1977-Early 2000s -- The Liverpool Empire -- The Liverpool Royal Court -- From the Moonstone to Milo's -- Sloanes/the Krazyhouse -- The Swan, Wilsons and the Importance of Wood Street -- The Gallery/Stairways -- Planet X -- Shops and Spaces for "Hanging Out" -- Conclusion: Community, Stability and the Nurturing of Scenes -- References -- Chapter 3: Shaken Foundations? Venues and a Changing Live Music Scene -- An Ecological Perspective on Live Music -- Metal on Merseyside in the Post-millennium Era: A Shifting Scene -- Whiplash Promotions 2001-2013 -- The Post-Whiplash Era and the Rise of New DIY Venues -- The Loss of Venues -- Regeneration and Gentrification -- The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Live Music Venues -- Placing Changes into a Broader Context: Changing Economics of Live Music and the Success of Manchester's Arenas -- The Limits of Ecology -- References -- Chapter 4: "Support your Scene": Metal Scenes, Solidarity and the Threat of Decline -- Subcultures and Scenes -- Scene Beginnings: Beyond the Public -- The Extreme Metal Scene in Liverpool: Community, Inclusivity and Resilience -- A Lack of Unity? Divisions and Separate Metal Scenes.

Introduction / Hassan Hakimian -- Explaining Growth in the Middle East / Jeffrey B. Nugent -- Is MENA Exceptional? Evidence from Structuralist and Comparative Perspectives/ Julia C. Devlin -- Arab Human Development in Comparative Context / Khalid Abu-Ismail and Niranjan Sarangi -- Private Returns to Investment in Education in MENA Countries / Aysit Tansel -- Women's Employment and Labour Force Participation : Puzzles, Problems and Research Needs / Massoud Karshenas and Valentine M. Moghadam -- Can the GCC Economies Escape the Oil Curse? / Raimundo Soto -- From Oil Rents to Inclusive Growth : Lessons from the MENA Region / Hassan Hakimian -- Understanding Water Conflicts in the MENA Region : A Comparative Analysis Using a Restructured Water Poverty Index / Hatem Jemmali and Caroline A. Sullivan -- Trade and Economic Growth in the MENA Region : Do Trade in Goods and Trade in Services Differ in their Impact on Growth? / Fida Karam and Chahir Zak -- Poverty and Vulnerability in the MENA Region / Khalid Abu-Ismail -- Measuring Inequality in the Middle East / Facundo Alvaredo, Lydia Assouad and Thomas Piketty -- Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa / Caroline Krafft and Safaa El-Kogali -- Social Policy in the MENA Region / Mahmood Messkoub -- Religion and Politics : Why the West got Rich and the Middle East Did Not / Jared Rubin -- Islam and Economic Development / David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache -- The Arab Spring, and after : Economic Features and Policy Challenges / David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache -- The Youth Bulge : The Mismeasured, Misunderstood and Mistreated Arab Youth / Zafiris Tzannatos -- Arab Development and the Transition to Democracy / Samir Makdisi -- A Pyramid of Privilege : How Cronyism Shapes Business-State Relationship in the Middle East / Izak Atiyas, Ishac Diwan and Adeel Malik -- Refugees in the MENA Region : Historical Overview, Effects and Challenges / Jeffrey B. Nugent -- Gendered Socioeconomic Impacts of Conflict in the Middle East / Jennifer C. Olmsted

Intro -- Introduction -- References -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Tourism Products and Services in Bangladesh: Policy and Development Framework -- Chapter 1: Tourism Products and Services in Bangladesh: In Search of Policy and Development Frameworks -- Introduction -- Tourism Product Classification -- Ecotourism -- Agritourism -- Riverine Tourism -- Adventure Tourism -- Religious Tourism -- Community-Based Tourism (CBT) -- Food Tourism -- Medical Tourism -- Other Type's Tourism -- Tourism Service Classification -- Hospitality -- Transportation -- Visa and Immigration -- Money Transfer -- Sight-Seeing -- Recreation -- Factors that Influence the Demand for Products and Services in Tourism -- Tourism Products and Services Development Framework -- Tourism Product and Service Offers in Bangladesh -- The Context -- Policy Support -- Tourism Product Offers in Bangladesh -- Tourism Service Offers in Bangladesh -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Part II: Selected Niche Tourism Products and Services in Bangladesh -- Chapter 2: General Medical Tourism Products and Services in Bangladesh -- Introduction -- What is Medical Tourism? -- Impact of the Internet on Medical Tourism -- Sustainable Medical Tourism -- Using Resources Sustainably -- Reducing Over-Consumption and Waste -- Integrating Tourism into Planning -- Maintaining Diversity -- Supporting Local Economies -- Involving Local Communities -- Consulting Stakeholders and the Public -- Training Staff -- Marketing Tourism Responsibly -- Undertaking Research -- Value-Based Healthcare Delivery -- Push vs Pull Factors Affecting Medical Tourism -- Regional Medical Tourism Market Situation -- International Medical Treatment Expenses -- Medical Tourism in Bangladesh -- The Present State of Bangladeshi Medical Tourism -- Benchmarking Medical Tourism: Bangladesh in a Global Context.

Intro -- Introduction -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Concept and Context -- Chapter 1: Proposing the eTourism Adoption Model (eTAM) in the Context of Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Customer Centric Approach of eTourism -- Theoretical Framework of Technology Adoption -- Tourism Intermediaries and Stakeholders for Tourist Satisfaction (Fig. 1.10) -- Linkage Between the Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality Industry: Tourism Supply -- Method and Materials -- Findings and Discussions -- Factors of Technology Acceptance Model and eTourism as Summarized from Reviewing the Existing Literature Studies -- Factors Relevant to Technology Acceptance and eTourism as Summarised from In-Depth Interviews -- Proposed Electronic Tourism Adoption Model (eTAM) -- Theoretical Justifications of eTAM -- Implications of eTAM in the Tourism Industry -- Conclusion and Further Direction of Study -- References -- Chapter 2: The Diffusion of Technologies: Concept Analysis and Relevant Examples in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh -- Introduction -- What is an Innovation? -- The Diffusion of Innovation -- Is Augmented Reality the Diffusion of Innovation? -- The Bangladesh Context -- What Is Innovation in Bangladesh? -- The Diffusion of Innovation in Bangladesh -- Is Augmented Reality the Diffusion of Innovation in Bangladesh? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Application of Technology for Tourism Products and Services in Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Role of Technology in Tourism -- Tourism, Hospitality and Technology -- E-Tourism Demand and Technology-Driven Revolution -- E-Tourism Impacts on Marketing Mix -- E-Hospitality -- E-Tour Operators -- E-Travel Agencies -- E-Destinations -- Methodology -- Research Design -- Data Collection -- Primary Data -- Secondary Data -- Sample Size and Response Rate.