Suchergebnisse

Any country is interested in economic growth regardless of its development level in any period; yet an increasingly important role in defining growth is played by the term 'smart growth'. The EU development strategy until 2020 defines smart growth as a strategic objective. Smart growth does not take place automatically. It is affected both by the condition of the economic, social and natural environments and by subjective factors – the competence of performance agents. The present research distinguished three groups of rural space and regional performance agents: national institutions, local governments and communities of residents of the territories examined by the research. The research summarised the opinions of experts (Latvia n=171; Lithuania n=163) from the south-eastern part of Latvia and the north-eastern part of Lithuania with the purpose of assessing the contribution of the performance agent groups to the promotion of smart economic growth. The research aimed to identify the positive indications of the contribution made by each performance agent group as well as the largest problems affecting the promotion of smart economic growth in each country. Despite the fact that the sample groups were not representative (did not reflect the views of the entire population), the obtained survey data and the results of this analysis provided insight into the performance agents' action ratings from the bottom-up position and allowed comparing the situations in Latvia and Lithuania. The research has become an urgent task in project No. 5.2.3 "Rural and Regional Development Processes and Opportunities in Latvia in the Context of Knowledge Economy" in National Research Programme 5.2. "Economic Transformation, Smart Growth, Governance and Legal Framework for the State and Society for Sustainable Development – a New Approach to the Creation of a Sustainable Learning Community: EKOSOC-LV".

Any country is interested in economic growth regardless of its development level in any period; yet an increasingly important role in defining growth is played by the term 'smart growth'. The EU development strategy until 2020 defines smart growth as a strategic objective. Smart growth does not take place automatically. It is affected both by the condition of the economic, social and natural environments and by subjective factors – the competence of performance agents. The present research distinguished three groups of rural space and regional performance agents: national institutions, local governments and communities of residents of the territories examined by the research. The research summarised the opinions of experts (Latvia n=171; Lithuania n=163) from the south-eastern part of Latvia and the north-eastern part of Lithuania with the purpose of assessing the contribution of the performance agent groups to the promotion of smart economic growth. The research aimed to identify the positive indications of the contribution made by each performance agent group as well as the largest problems affecting the promotion of smart economic growth in each country. Despite the fact that the sample groups were not representative (did not reflect the views of the entire population), the obtained survey data and the results of this analysis provided insight into the performance agents' action ratings from the bottom-up position and allowed comparing the situations in Latvia and Lithuania. The research has become an urgent task in project No. 5.2.3 "Rural and Regional Development Processes and Opportunities in Latvia in the Context of Knowledge Economy" in National Research Programme 5.2. "Economic Transformation, Smart Growth, Governance and Legal Framework for the State and Society for Sustainable Development – a New Approach to the Creation of a Sustainable Learning Community: EKOSOC-LV".

The purpose of this study is to understand how cocoa pricing options affect local processors' cocoa acquisition, processing, and inventory decisions, with the ultimate goal of determining which policies best meet the multiple, but possibly conflicting, public policy objectives of maximizing government revenue, maximizing and stabilizing processor profits and throughput, and reducing poverty rates among cocoa beans producers. To evaluate these effects, we construct and numerically solve a structural dynamic model of a representative cocoa processor that maximizes the present value of current and expected future profits, given prevailing market conditions and cocoa pricing options. We then take the predicted cocoa pricing options to determine their associated poverty impacts among cocoa producers. We used this model to evaluate the appropriate cocoa pricing regime for attaining Ghana's objectives of increasing cocoa processing capacity to 40% of total cocoa produced in Ghana. We found, for example, that an appropriate 35% discount on main-crop beans will increase processor revenue by 57%, while either reducing government revenue by 36% or reducing cocoa farmers' income by a maximum of 22%, depending on who bears the burden of the discount. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; AGRODEP ; MTID

Ce document présente le plan de formation de cadres maliens pour le renforcement des capacités nationales d'élaboration et d'analyse de la politique agricole de ce pays, dans le cadre du Schéma directeur du développement rural. Il a été élaboré en collaboration entre l'équipe de trois experts-consultants, auteurs du présent document, et les cadres nationaux de la Cellule de planification et de statistique (CPS) du Ministère malien du développement rural et de l'environnement

The demands of the 21st century have led many governments to realize that to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, there is a need to work for gender equality in all areas and to empower women. Efforts have indeed been provided by the Malian State for parity between men and women in scientific research. Thus, currently, 140 women permanent teacher-researchers are working in the state universities of Mali. This study, whose purpose is to analyze their representativeness and the constraints they encounter in the exercise of the scientific research profession, covered 74 of these women, or 53%. This sample was randomly selected and interviewed by the individual interview method. SPSS and Word software were used for data processing and analysis. The study revealed that women are a minority in the state universities of Mali, which represents 10.47% of the total number of permanent teachers/researchers. Household occupation (46.00%), social pressure (23.00%), lack of awareness of the importance of women to science (16.00%) and refusal of certain functions to women (15.00%), 00%) are constraints for women teachers-researchers in Mali ; atteindre les Objectifs du Développement Durable, il faut oeuvrer pour l'égalité des sexes dans tous les domaines et assurer l'autonomisation des femmes. Des efforts ont effectivement été fournis par l'Etat malien pour la parité hommes/femmes dans la recherche scientifique. Ainsi, actuellement, 140 femmes enseignantes-chercheures permanentes évoluent dans les universités étatiques du Mali. Cette étude, dont l'objet est d'analyser leur représentativité et les contraintes qu'elles rencontrent dans l'exercice du métier de recherche scientifique, a porté sur 74 de ces femmes soit 53%. Cet échantillon a été choisi de manière aléatoire et enquêté par la méthode de l'entretien individuel. Les logiciels SPSS et Word ont servi pour le traitement et l'analyse des données. L'étude a révélé que les femmes sont minoritaires dans les universités étatiques du Mali soit 10,47% de l'effectif total des enseignants/chercheurs permanents. L'occupation ménagère (46,00%), la pression sociale (23,00%), la méconnaissance de l'importance de la femme à la science (16,00%) et le refus de certaines fonctions à la femme (15,00%) constituent des contraintes pour les femmes enseignantes-chercheures du Mali.

The Republic of Niger is a large, landlocked west African country. Around 80% of its vast land mass (1 300 000 km2) is in the Sahara Desert. Its neighbours are Mali, Algeria, Libya and Chad to the north, and Nigeria, Benin and Burkina Faso to the south. The country came under French rule in the 1890s and gained its independence in 1960, but development has been slowed by political instability, lack of natural resources and drought. In 1999, voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution, allowing for multi-party elections, which were held later that year. An ongoing rebellion in the north makes access to much of the country difficult.

The Republic of Niger is a large, landlocked west African country. Around 80% of its vast land mass (1 300 000 km(2)) is in the Sahara Desert. Its neighbours are Mali, Algeria, Libya and Chad to the north, and Nigeria, Benin and Burkina Faso to the south. The country came under French rule in the 1890s and gained its independence in 1960, but development has been slowed by political instability, lack of natural resources and drought. In 1999, voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution, allowing for multi-party elections, which were held later that year. An ongoing rebellion in the north makes access to much of the country difficult.

AbstractUsing panel data from 1990 to 2016, this paper examines the Granger causality and long-run relationship between foreign direct investment, and trade (imports, exports, and trade openness) in the West African economic and monetary union (WAEMU). This study will determine the link between international trade and foreign direct investment to the policymakers. The study follows the short-run causality, cointegration, and long-run approach. The Granger causality tests that there is causality between trade and FDI. The analysis uses Kao and Pedroni method which reveal the existence of cointegration between trade and FDI. The long-run effect tests suggested that foreign direct investment has a positive long-run effect increasing export WAEMU. The tests also indicate that foreign direct investment has a positive long-run effect spurring import and leads to more trade openness in WAEMU. Additionally, the long run estimation indicates that FDI induces to more trade openness in WAEMU. Moreover, the analysis indicates also that export and import have a positive and significant long-run effect on foreign direct investment. Furthermore, the estimation indicates that trade openness has a positive and significant impact on attracting more foreign investment in WAEMU. We explored the economic and policy implications of our analyses in the conclusions.

As part of a pilot programme to scale up community mental health services, local health centre directors, community health workers and key informants were interviewed in two neighbouring political districts of Niger. Major priorities for improving services included training staff on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, collaborating with traditional healers, educating the community about the origins of psychiatric illness and building infrastructure for medication delivery. Barriers to care included long distances for travel to the nearest hospital and lack of funding for home-based visits by health workers. This study was the first step in Niger's plan to implement the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) at a national level.