Suchergebnisse

Women's political participation is regarded as an essential element in all forms of development; however, the gender equality policies of India remain under scrutiny. After independence in 1947, there have been many initiatives to increase the political representation of women by the decentralization of power in various local self-government institutions of India. The act of Panchayati Raj Institutions has increased the engagement of marginalized segments of society, including women, into the decision-making role in political institutions. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the political leadership of women in Local Self Government institutions, through the use of qualitative methods, such as document analysis of the Panchayati Raj Institutions amendment act and expert interviews with elected women representatives in one district of the Kerala state. The paper seeks to identify the challenges of women in political leadership positions in India, the largest democratic nation. Findings from the study reveal that there is considerable progress in women's equality in the leadership role; however, there are certain crucial obstacles that still exist for women to be active in the political realm.

Women's political participation is regarded as an essential element in all forms of development; however, the gender equality policies of India remain under scrutiny. After independence in 1947, there have been many initiatives to increase the political representation of women by the decentralization of power in various local self-government institutions of India. The act of Panchayati Raj Institutions has increased the engagement of marginalized segments of society, including women, into the decision-making role in political institutions. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the political leadership of women in Local Self Government institutions, through the use of qualitative methods, such as document analysis of the Panchayati Raj Institutions amendment act and expert interviews with elected women representatives in one district of the Kerala state. The paper seeks to identify the challenges of women in political leadership positions in India, the largest democratic nation. Findings from the study reveal that there is considerable progress in women's equality in the leadership role; however, there are certain crucial obstacles that still exist for women to be active in the political realm. ; Moterų politinis dalyvavimas laikomas esminiu darnaus vystymosi elementu; tačiau Indijos lyčių lygybės politika vis dar nagrinėjama. Po nepriklausomybės 1947 m. buvo imtasi daugybės iniciatyvų didinti politinį moterų atstovavimą decentralizuojant valdžią įvairiose Indijos savivaldos institucijose. Panchayati Raj institucijų aktas padidino atskirtų visuomenės segmentų, įskaitant ir moteris, dalyvavimą priimant politinius sprendimus įvairiose institucijose. Taigi šiame tyrime bandoma išaiškinti politinę moterų lyderystę vietos savivaldos institucijose. Taikant kokybinius metodus, tokius kaip Panchayati Raj institucijų pakeitimo akto dokumentų analizė ir ekspertų interviu su išrinktais moterų atstovais viename Keralos valstijos rajone. Šio tyrimo metu buvo siekiama įvertinti iššūkius su kuriais susiduria moterys būdamos politinio lyderio pozicijose didžiausiose demokratinėje šalyje pasaulyje - Indijoje. Tyrimo išvados rodo, kad padaryta nemaža pažanga užtikrinant moterų lygybę užimti aukštas vadovaujančias pozicijas, tačiau vis dar yra esminių kliūčių, trukdančių moterims aktyviai reikštis politinėje arenoje.

Women's exposure to political power and their influence on policies has expanded tremendously in recent decades. However, females are nowhere proportional to males in their impact and practice of political legitimacy although political empowerment research on women's role is continuing. The Indian government national program of 'Panchayati Raj Institutions' act of 1992 was an outstanding policy mechanism for increasing women's political participation at the national level. This act provides 50 % reservation seats for women in the Local Self Government, and thus women were capable of attaining power in the political realm. Through this policy, there is a greater possibility for women to elected in the political realms and thus process a higher role in welfare mechanisms in their respective administrative locality than before. In this context, this article aims to explore the importance of the Panchayati Raj Institution policy on the political empowerment of women in the panchayat. To find out the impact of policy, this paper conducted an empirical study by collecting the primary data from elected women representatives in one district of Kerala. The results could assess the significance of increasing women's political empowerment and their position in Kerala society.

Rajan Gurukkal and Varier Raghava, History of Kerala: Prehistoric to the Present. Hyderabad, India: Orient BlackSwan, 2018, 366 pp., ₹315, ISBN: 978-93-5287-380-7. (Paperback).

Women's exposure to political power and their influence on policies has expanded tremendously in recent decades. However, females are nowhere proportional to males in their impact and practice of political legitimacy although political empowerment research on women's role is continuing. The Indian government national program of 'Panchayati Raj Institutions' act of 1992 was an outstanding policy mechanism for increasing women's political participation at the national level. This act provides 50 % reservation seats for women in the Local Self Government, and thus women were capable of attaining power in the political realm. Through this policy, there is a greater possibility for women to elected in the political realms and thus process a higher role in welfare mechanisms in their respective administrative locality than before. In this context, this article aims to explore the importance of the Panchayati Raj Institution policy on the political empowerment of women in the panchayat. To find out the impact of policy, this paper conducted an empirical study by collecting the primary data from elected women representatives in one district of Kerala. The results could assess the significance of increasing women's political empowerment and their position in Kerala society.

Women's exposure to political power and their influence on policies has expanded tremendously in recent decades. However, females are nowhere proportional to males in their impact and practice of political legitimacy although political empowerment research on women's role is continuing. The Indian government national program of 'Panchayati Raj Institutions' act of 1992 was an outstanding policy mechanism for increasing women's political participation at the national level. This act provides 50 % reservation seats for women in the Local Self Government, and thus women were capable of attaining power in the political realm. Through this policy, there is a greater possibility for women to elected in the political realms and thus process a higher role in welfare mechanisms in their respective administrative locality than before. In this context, this article aims to explore the importance of the Panchayati Raj Institution policy on the political empowerment of women in the panchayat. To find out the impact of policy, this paper conducted an empirical study by collecting the primary data from elected women representatives in one district of Kerala. The results could assess the significance of increasing women's political empowerment and their position in Kerala society.

Women's exposure to political power and their influence on policies has expanded tremendously in recent decades. However, females are nowhere proportional to males in their impact and practice of political legitimacy, although political empowerment research on women's role is continuing. The Indian government national program of 'Panchayati Raj Institutions' act of 1992 was an outstanding policy mechanism for increasing women's political participation at the national level. This act provides 50 % reservation seats for women in the Local Self Government, and thus women were capable of attaining power in the political realm. Through this policy, there is a greater possibility for women to elected in the political realms and thus process a higher role in welfare mechanisms in their respective administrative locality than before. In this context, this article aims to explore the importance of the Panchayati Raj Institution policy on the political empowerment of women in the panchayat. To find out the impact of policy, this paper conducted an empirical study by collecting the primary data from elected women representatives in one district of Kerala. The results could assess the significance of increasing women's political empowerment and their position in Kerala society. ; Per paskutiniuosius dešimtmečius ženkliai išaugo moterų politinė galia ir moterų vaidmuo politiniuose procesuose. Tačiau moterų įtaka vis dar nėra proporcinga vyrų daromam poveikiui. Tai ypač pastebima teisėkūros ir teisinių praktikų diegime ir reprezentacijoje. Todėl yra svarbu organizuoti moterų politinio įgalinimo tyrimus bei mokslinius debatus apie moters vaidmenį ir reprezentaciją politinėje arenoje. 1992 m. Indijos vyriausybė priėmė Nacionalinę programą "Panchayati Raj Institutions". Ši programa yra puikus politinio mechanizmo, didinančio moterų dalyvavimą politiniuose procesuose, pavyzdys. Šiuo įstatymu moterims yra suteikiama 50 % vadovaujančių vietų vietos savivaldos institucijose. Tokiu būdu moterys bent jau oficialiai įgijo lygias teises vietos savivaldoje. Ši programa taip pat prisideda prie moterų didesnio matomumo politinėje arenoje, todėl moterys turi daugiau galimybių būti išrinktos į politinius postus ir tokiu būdu atlikti svarbesnį vaidmenį sprendimų priėmimo procesuose. Atsižvelgiant į esamą kontekstą, šiuo tyrimu yra siekiama išnagrinėti vietos savivaldos institucijų įtaką įgalinant moteris siekti svaresnio politinio vaidmens ir reprezentacijos. Tam buvo pasirinktas empirinis tyrimas. Jį sudarė kokybiniai interviu su vietos savivaldos politiniais lyderiais Indukki rajone Keralos valstijoje Indijoje. Pirminių duomenų analizė atskleidė moterų politinės galios augimą ir šio augimo reikšmę Keralos valstijoje.

Women's exposure to political power and their influence on policies has expanded tremendously in recent decades. However, females are nowhere proportional to males in their impact and practice of political legitimacy although political empowerment research on women's role is continuing. The Indian government national program of 'Panchayati Raj Institutions' act of 1992 was an outstanding policy mechanism for increasing women's political participation at the national level. This act provides 50 % reservation seats for women in the Local Self Government, and thus women were capable of attaining power in the political realm. Through this policy, there is a greater possibility for women to elected in the political realms and thus process a higher role in welfare mechanisms in their respective administrative locality than before. In this context, this article aims to explore the importance of the Panchayati Raj Institution policy on the political empowerment of women in the panchayat. To find out the impact of policy, this paper conducted an empirical study by collecting the primary data from elected women representatives in one district of Kerala. The results could assess the significance of increasing women's political empowerment and their position in Kerala society.

Women's exposure to political power and their influence on policies has expanded tremendously in recent decades. However, females are nowhere proportional to males in their impact and practice of political legitimacy although political empowerment research on women's role is continuing. The Indian government national program of 'Panchayati Raj Institutions' act of 1992 was an outstanding policy mechanism for increasing women's political participation at the national level. This act provides 50 % reservation seats for women in the Local Self Government, and thus women were capable of attaining power in the political realm. Through this policy, there is a greater possibility for women to elected in the political realms and thus process a higher role in welfare mechanisms in their respective administrative locality than before. In this context, this article aims to explore the importance of the Panchayati Raj Institution policy on the political empowerment of women in the panchayat. To find out the impact of policy, this paper conducted an empirical study by collecting the primary data from elected women representatives in one district of Kerala. The results could assess the significance of increasing women's political empowerment and their position in Kerala society.

It is not often that a country changes the geographic definition of its primary strategic environment. But that is precisely what Australia has done in recent years by embracing the concept of the Indo-Pacific. Below is a personal perspective on what lies behind this change from the Asia-Pacific to the Indo-Pacific and the key strategic challenge facing the Indo-Pacific: how to reach a new strategic equilibrium in the region as U.S. primacy is challenged by a China with ambitions to become the predominant power in the region. The Asia-Pacific, with Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia at its strategic centre, has been the conceptual foundation of Australian strategic thinking for most of the post-World War II period. It was seen as a coherent strategic system bringing in the major powers and also reflecting a long period of trade and investment integration, best captured by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).