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AbstractThis article proceeds on the basis that the cost of energy will rise in coming years and decades as the age of fossil energy abundance comes to an end. Given the close connection between energy and economic activity, we also assume that declining energy availability and affordability will lead to economic contraction and reduced material affluence. In overconsuming and overdeveloped nations, such resource and energy "degrowth" is desirable and necessary from a sustainability perspective, provided it is planned for and managed in ways consistent with basic principles of distributive equity. Working within that degrowth paradigm, we examine how scarcer and more expensive energy may impact the suburban way of life and how households might prepare for this very plausible, but challenging, energy descent future. The article examines energy demand management in suburbia and how the limited energy needed to provide for essential household services can best be secured in an era of expensive energy and climate instability. After reviewing various energy practices, we also highlight a need for an ethos of sufficiency, moderation, and radical frugality, which we argue is essential for building resilience in the face of forthcoming energy challenges and a harsher climate.

Overconsumption in affluent societies is the root or contributing cause of many of the world's most pressing problems, including environmental degradation, global poverty, peak oil and consumer malaise. This suggests that any transition to a sustainable and just society will require those who are overconsuming to move to far more materially 'simple' lifestyles. The Voluntary Simplicity Movement can be understood broadly as a diverse social movement made up of people who are resisting high consumption lifestyles and who are seeking, in various ways, a lower consumption but higher quality of life alternative. Recently a multi-national online survey was launched for the purpose of gaining empirical insight into this 'post-consumerist' social movement, and this study provides the most extensive sociological examination of the movement available. After situating the Voluntary Simplicity Movement in theoretical context, this article presents a foundational analysis of these new survey results.

In 1995, Congress, with the support of the Clinton administration, passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, a sweeping welfare reform designed to appease conservative critics of 1960s War on Poverty programs. In the last decade, conservatives have intensified a comparable campaign to dismantle environmental programs and regulatory agencies established during the 1970s through the efforts of the environmental movement. Conservatives' calls for market forces to replace governmental environmental protection programs echo the arguments of conservative opponents of welfare. Similarly, contemporary battles over environmental policy are being waged in the mass media arena. Therefore, it behooves environmental advocates to review the public discourse that surrounded the welfare debates of the 1990s. Using frame analysis, this Essay describes the evolution of media discourse in Massachusetts from 1990 through 1994 regarding the role of government and its responsibility in providing public welfare programs. The Essay then draws lessons from welfare reform that are relevant to current environmental debate.

Monitoring vegetation change is important because the nature, extent and rate of change in key measures, such as plant biomass, cover and species composition, provides critical insight into broader environmental and land use drivers and leads to the development of appropriate policy. We used Landsat data between 1984 and 2018 to produce a map of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) change over South Africa at 30 m resolution and an interactive web application to make the analysis both globally applicable and locally meaningful. We found an increase in EVI of 0.37 ± 0.59% yr−1 (mean ± standard deviation), confirming global vegetation greening trends observed with lower-resolution satellites. Mesic, productive biomes including the Albany Thicket and Savanna, exhibited the largest greening trends while browning trends were dominant in more arid biomes, such as the Succulent Karoo and Desert. Although overall EVI trends correspond to vegetation index trends derived from the Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (8 km resolution), the relative scarcity of Landsat data availability during the 1980 s is a potential source of error. Using repeat very-high-resolution satellite (ca. 3 m resolution) imagery and ground-based photography as reference, we found good correspondence with EVI trends, revealing patterns of degradation (e.g. woody plant encroachment, desertification), and restoration (e.g. increased rangeland productivity, alien clearing) over selected landscapes. The utility of the EVI trend layer to government and industry for monitoring ecosystem changes will be enhanced by the ability to distinguish climatic from anthropogenic drivers of change. This may be partially achieved though interactive exploration of the EVI trends using the application found here: http://evitrend.zsv.co.za ; acceptedVersion

Urban green infrastructure provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and Access to green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are disparities in green infrastructure distributions across race and income geographies in urban South Africa. Using open-source satellite imagery and geographic information, along with national census statistics, we find that public and private green infrastructure is more abundant, accessible, greener and more treed in high-income relative to low-income areas, and in areas where previously advantaged racial groups (i.e. White citizens) reside. Areas with White residents report 6-fold higher income, have 11.7% greater tree cover, 8.9% higher vegetation greenness and live 700 m closer to a public park than areas with predominantly Black African, Indian, and Coloured residents. The inequity in neighborhood greenness levels has been maintained (for Indian and Coloured areas) and further entrenched (for Black African areas) since the end of Apartheid in 1994 across the country. We also find that these spatial inequities are mirrored in both private (gardens) and public (street verges, parks, green belts) spaces, hinting at the failure of governance structures to plan for and implement urban greening initiatives. By leveraging openaccess satellite data and methods presented here, there is scope for civil society to monitor urban green infrastructure over time and thereby hold governments accountable to addressing environmental justice imperatives in the future. Interact with the data here: green-apartheid.zsv.co.za. ; publishedVersion

Introduction -- Part I: Alternative Paradigms for Post-Capitalist Futures -- The Race to Replace a Dying Neoliberalism -- Ecosocialism from a Post-development Perspective -- Post-Capitalism Now: A Community Economies Approach -- Collective Sufficiency: Degrowth as a Political Project -- China: Capitalism and Change? -- Part II: Governing for Post-Capitalist Futures -- From Technological Utopianism to Universal Basic Services -- Ecofeminist Political Economy: Critical Reflections on the Green New Deal -- The Macroeconomics of Degrowth: Can Planned Economic Contraction be Stable? -- Post-capitalist Techno-futures – Beyond Instrumental Utopianism -- Crises, COVID, and the Climate State -- Part III: Post-Capitalist Geographies and Resistance -- Localisation – the World Beyond Capitalism -- Indigenous Australians and their Lands: Post-capitalist Development Alternatives -- Environmental Justice Movements as Mediums of Post-capitalist Futures: Perspectives from India -- Careful Thinking –Pensar Cuidando –Henvupen Yaconso.

Purpose– This paper aims to re-examine Tainter's dismissal of the voluntary simplification strategy. Joseph Tainter argues that "sustainability" is about problem-solving and that problem-solving increases social complexity. But he also argues that social complexity requires energy and resources, and this implies that solving problems, including environmental problems, usually demands increases in energy and resource consumption, not reductions. For this reason Tainter argues that voluntary simplification – the strategy of choosing to reduce consumption – is not an available means of solving the problems of civilisation.Design/methodology/approach– This paper briefly outlines Tainter's theory of diminishing returns on complexity and lays out his arguments against voluntary simplification. The critical sections of the paper examine those arguments and find certain ambiguities in them that open up space of voluntary simplification.Findings– Part of my disagreement with Tainter turns on differing notions of "sustainability." Whereas Tainter seems to use sustainability to mean sustaining the existing civilisation, the author uses sustainability to mean changing the form of civilisation through voluntary simplification, insofar as that is required for humanity to operate within the carrying capacity of the planet. By exposing the indeterminate, value-laden nature of what constitutes a "problem" and what constitutes an appropriate "solution," it becomes clear that some societal problems can be dissolved rather than solved, that problems have various solutions and that a society's available energy supply can be redistributed to achieve voluntary simplification while still solving existing and ongoing problems.Originality/value– Given that Tainter seems to accept that his own conception of sustainability will eventually lead to collapse, the author feels he is wrong to be so dismissive of voluntary simplification as a strategy for potentially avoiding collapse. It is, the author argues, our only alternative to collapse, and if that is so, voluntary simplification ought to be given our most rigorous attention and commitment, even if the chances of success do not seem high at all. This paper provides a new analysis of the voluntary simplification strategy and shows that it holds more promise than Tainter appreciates.

Projects completed by two organizations -- Search for Common Ground & Web Lab -- promoted online discussion about the terrorist attacks on the US, 11 Sept 2001. Each of these online groups elicited dialogue about the events & tracked the responses of approximately 340 online members for 2 to 4 weeks. Four beta groups & four dialogue test groups were formed. The results of these online groups indicate that participants appreciated the opportunity to participate in the dialogue, that online dialogue needs to be more fully facilitated than face-to-face dialogue, & that online dialogue can result in community action. 1 Reference. K. Larsen

Industrial civilisation has no future. It requires limitless economic growth on a finite planet. The reckless combustion of fossil fuels means that Earth's climate is changing disastrously, in ways that cannot be resolved by piecemeal reform or technological innovation. Sooner rather than later this global capitalist system will come to an end, destroyed by its own ecological contradictions. Unless we do something beautiful and unprecedented, the ending of industrial civilisation will take the form of collapse, which could mean a harrowing die-off of billions of people. This book is for those ready to accept the full gravity of the human predicament - and to consider what in the world is to be done. How can humanity mindfully navigate the inevitable descent ahead? Two critical thinkers here remove the rose-tinted glasses of much social and environmental commentary. With unremitting realism and yet defiant positivity, they engage each other in uncomfortable conversations about the end of Empire and what lies beyond

Die industrielle Zivilisation hat keine Zukunft. Sie basiert grundsätzlich auf unbegrenztem Wachstum - auf einem begrenzten Planeten. Die unverminderte, rücksichtslose Verbrennung von fossilen Rohstoffen heizt das Klima weiter an. Durch kleinteilige Reformen und technologische Innovationen, wie sie gegenwärtig auf der politischen Agenda stehen, wird sich das Problem aber nicht in den Griff bekommen lassen. Eher früher als später wird, so die These, das globale kapitalistische System sein Ende finden, zerstört aufgrund der von ihm selbst hervorgebrachten ökologischen Widersprüche. Wenn die Menschheit nicht - nach heutigem Stand - völlig unerwartete - radikale Schritte unternimmt, wird der Zusammenbruch der Industriegesellschaft, wie wir sie kennen, in ein Desaster münden. Der britische Philosoph Rupert Read und der australische Nachhaltigkeitsforscher Samuel Alexander versuchen in diesem Gesprächsbuch der wahrscheinlichen Entwicklung ungeschönt ins Auge zu blicken. (Verlagstext)