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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Guiding Principles for Energy Sector Operations: ADB Strategic Framework and Energy Policy -- 1.2 Global Commitments -- 2 Conceptual Framework, Scope, and Limitations -- 3 Methodology and Data Sources -- 4 Elements and Approaches of the ADB Clean Energy Program -- 4.1 Asia Solar Energy Initiative -- 4.2 Carbon Capture and Storage -- 4.3 Quantum Leap in Wind -- 4.4 Small Wind Initiative -- 4.5 Energy for All Initiative -- 4.6 Asia Energy Efficiency Accelerator -- 4.7 Low-Carbon Technology Exchange -- 4.8 Asia Climate Change and Clean Energy Venture Capital Initiative -- 4.9 Leveraging Clean Energy Development -- 4.10 Knowledge Sharing and Partnerships -- 5 The ADB Clean Energy Program, 2008-2018 -- 6 Clean Energy Program Results, 2008-2018 -- 7 Findings and Conclusion -- Appendixes -- 1 Clean Energy Projects (2008-2018) -- 2 ADB Projects with Energy Access Component (2008-2018) -- 3 Solar Projects Supported Under Asia Solar Energy Initiative (2010-2018) -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword by the Minister of Finance, Republic of Indonesia -- Foreword by the President, Asian Development Bank -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- 1 The Critical Role of Technological Transformation in Boosting Indonesia's Economic Development -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Constraints on Indonesia's Growth Potential -- 1.3 The Role of Technological Transformation in Economic Development -- 1.4 Potential Impact of New Technologies: International Evidence -- 1.5 Estimating the Potential Impact of New Technologies on Indonesia's Development -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 2 Technology and Sector-Specific Opportunities and Challenges for Indonesia -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Diversity of Emerging Technologies -- 2.3 Variety of Technological Applications across Sectors, Value Chains, and Firms -- 2.4 Technology and Sector-Specific Opportunities and Challenges: Selected Examples -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Indonesia's Position in the Technological Transformation Journey -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Indonesia's National Innovation System and Its Performance -- 3.3 Key Themes in the Policy Agenda -- 3.4 Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Affecting Indonesia's National Innovation System -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 4 A "Deep Dive" into Industry 4.0 in Indonesia -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relevance of Industry 4.0 for Indonesia -- 4.3 Industry 4.0 in Indonesia: Insights from a Manufacturing Survey -- 4.4 Industry 4.0 in Indonesia: Insights from Focus Group Discussions -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 5 Five Pillars to Support Indonesia's Technological Transformation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pillar 1: Advanced Innovation Infrastructure and Institutions -- 5.3 Pillar 2: Awareness of the Business Value of New Technologies.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Table and Figures -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- 1. Methodology -- 2. Key Findings from the ADB Philippine Enterprise Survey -- A. Data Structure -- B. Company Profile -- C. COVID-19 Impact on Business -- Business Conditions after Quarantine Implemented -- Expected Time Frame for Business Recovery -- Status of Sales after the ECQ -- Employment -- Wage Payments -- Status of "Work from Home" -- Enterprise Assistance to Employees during the ECQ -- Product Supply Chain Bottlenecks -- Financial Condition of Enterprises after the COVID-19 Outbreak -- Funding during the ECQ and Desired Source of Funds for Business -- Policy Measures Required during and after the COVID-19 Crisis -- 3. Policy Implications -- Annexes -- 1 Survey Data Tables -- 2 Survey Questionnaire.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Box -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Why ADB Cares about Innovation -- Unlocking Innovation for Development -- Impact Highlights -- How the Technical Assistance Project Was Structured -- Key Lessons Learned -- Thematic Sections -- Sustainable Transport -- Health -- Social Development -- Economic Empowerment -- Women Empowerment -- Sustainable Energy -- Recommendations.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Preface -- Abbreviations and Currency Equivalents -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Rationale and Objectives -- 1.2 Data and Methods -- Chapter 2: Background -- 2.1 Overview of Sri Lanka's Labor Market -- 2.2. Skills-Generating Capacity of the General Education and TVET Sectors -- 2.3 Selection of Subsectors for Analysis -- 2.4 Skills-Related Characteristics of the Food and Beverages, and Electronics and Electricals Subsectors -- Chapter 3: Demand for Skills -- 3.1 Data and Methodology -- 3.2 Estimating Skills Deficits -- Chapter 4: The Supply of Skills and Skills Gaps in the Food and Beverages, and Electronics, and Electricals Subsectors -- 4.1 Technical and Vocational Education and Training in the FB and EE subsectors -- 4.2 Graduate Output -- 4.3 Estimations of Graduate Output and Skills Gaps -- 4.4 Skills Gaps -- 4.5 Discussion and Implications for Policy -- Chapter 5: Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- 5.1 Overview of Findings -- 5.2 Recommendations for Action -- Appendix -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter I: Introduction -- 1.1. What is Small Area Estimation and Why Do We Need It? -- Chapter II: Developing a Small Area Estimation Plan -- 2.1 Goal or Purpose of Small Area Estimation -- 2.2 Variable of Interest -- 2.3 Level of Disaggregation and Data Requirements -- 2.4 Approach to Small Area Estimation and Choosing a Specific Technique or Model -- 2.5 Quality Assessment of the Small Area Estimates -- 2.6 Dissemination Strategy for Presentation of the Small Area Estimates -- Chapter III: Data Management Using R -- 3.1 Overview of R and RStudio -- 3.2 Fundamentals of R -- 3.3 Data Manipulation Using dplyr and tidyr -- 3.4 Linear Regression in R -- 3.5 R Packages for Small Area Estimation -- Chapter IV: Approaches in Small Area Estimation -- 4.1 Direct Survey Estimation -- 4.2 Small Area Estimation Using Auxiliary Information -- 4.3 Small Area Estimation Using Regression-Based Models -- Chapter V: Visualizing Small Area Estimates Using R -- Chapter VI: Conclusion -- Appendixes -- 1. Description of R Packages Identified and Used in the Illustrations -- 2. Data Files Identified and Used in the Illustrations -- 3. Model Building -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- I. Background and Context -- A. Rationale and Objectives of the Study -- B. Context -- II. Understanding Gender Inequalities through Time Use Studies -- A. Gender, Poverty, and Time Use -- B. Time Use Surveys -- III. Methodological Approach -- A. Scope and Objectives of the Survey -- B. Sampling Design -- C. Survey Instrument and Implementation -- D. Key Outputs of Time Use Survey and International Comparability of Results -- E. Qualitative Interviews -- IV. An Overview of the Sample -- A. Sociodemographic Profile of Households and Respondents -- B. Housing Conditions, Services, and Assets -- C. Household Economy -- D. Economic Empowerment and Political Participation -- V. Gender Analysis of Time Use -- A. Time Use Patterns -- B. Paid and Unpaid Work -- C. Leisure, Personal Reproduction Functions, and Social Activities -- D. Travel -- E. Time Use Patterns by Age Group -- VI. Rural Women and Intra-Household Relations -- A. Household 1 -- B. Household 2 -- C. Household 3 -- VII. Conclusions and Recommendations -- A. Main Findings -- B. Recommendations -- Appendixes -- 1 Classification of Activities Used in the Survey -- 2 A Focus on Women and Farming -- 3 Participation Rates for Selected Activities -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- I. Introduction -- II. Tax Revenues and Tax Structures -- A. Tax Revenue Collection -- B. Tax Structure -- C. Value-Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax Systems in Focus -- III. Institutions, Governance, and Organization -- A. Institutional Arrangements for Revenue Administration -- B. Governance Arrangements for Tax Administration -- C. Organization of Tax Administration Operations -- IV. Use of Modern Technology in Tax Administration -- A. Provision of Primary or Core Information Technology Systems -- B. Use of E-services and Mobile Applications for Taxpayers -- C. Going Digital: Use of Innovative Technologies and Development Methods -- V. Managing Taxpayer Compliance -- A. Enterprise Risk Management -- B. Compliance Risk Management -- C. Steps in the CRM Process -- D. Innovative and Emerging Technologies -- E. Taxpayer Segmentation -- VI. Legislated Administrative Frameworks -- A. Introduction and Overview -- B. Taxpayer Rights and Obligations -- C. Registration Processes -- D. Filing of Tax Returns -- E. Correct Reporting and Payment -- F. Verification and Audit -- G. Penalties and Interest -- H. Simplified Tax Systems -- I. Regulation of the Tax Profession -- VII. Tax Administration Operations -- A. Tax Administration Processes -- B. Registration Processes -- C. Taxpayer Services -- D. Tax Return and Tax Payment Processes -- E. Verification Activities -- F. Taxpayer Disputes -- G. Collection of Tax Payments, including Enforced Debt Collection -- VIII. Human Resource Management -- A. Changes in the Environment Affecting HRM Practices -- B. Human Resource Management Practices of Revenue Bodies -- IX. Financial Resources For National Tax Administration -- A. Revenue Body Staffing.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figure and Box -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Disaster Risk Financing: Purpose and Objectives -- 1.2 The Country Diagnostics Framework -- 1.3 Applying the Country Diagnostics Framework -- 2. The Six Axes of the Enabling Environment -- 2.1 Government Policy -- 2.2 Economic Conditions and Other Support Functions -- 2.3 Product Availability and Affordability -- 2.4 Credibility of Insurance and Capital Market Stakeholders -- 2.5 Social Protection Policy -- 2.6 Competition to the Formal Sector from Informal and Unlicensed Providers -- 2.7 Presentation of the Diagnostic Results -- 3. Critical Opportunities to Enhance the Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing -- Appendixes -- 1 Assessment of the State of Sovereign Disaster Risk Financing Coverage-Questions for Ministries of Finance -- 2 The Enabling Environment Questionnaire for Insurance, Reinsurance, and Capital Market Solutions -- 3 Tools for Insurance, Reinsurance, and Capital Market Solutions in Disaster Risk Financing -- 4 Glossary -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Review of Literature -- 1.3 Objectives of the Study -- 1.4 Methodology -- 1.5 Overview of the Diagnostic Study -- Chapter 2 Pattern of Trade with Other SASEC Countries -- 2.1. Trade with Bangladesh -- 2.2. Trade with Bhutan -- 2.3. Trade with Maldives -- 2.4. Trade with Nepal -- 2.5. Trade with Sri Lanka -- Chapter 3 Potential Exports Subject to Nontariff Barriers -- 3.1. Potential Exports from India to Bangladesh -- 3.2. Potential Exports from India to Bhutan -- 3.3 Potential Exports from India to Maldives -- 3.4. Potential Exports from India to Nepal -- 3.5. Potential Exports from India to Sri Lanka -- 3.6. Potential Products and South Asia Free Trade Agreement's Sensitive List -- Chapter 4 Overview of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade in India -- 4.1. The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Environment -- 4.2. The Technical Barriers to Trade Environment -- 4.3. Key Issues in Domestic Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks for Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade -- 4.4. Gaps Comparing Current National Sanitary and Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade Legislation, Local Practices, and International Best Practices -- 4.5 India's Evolving Position on Sanitary and Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade Measures -- Chapter 5 Standards, Regulations, and Procedural Obstacles That Impede Trade -- 5.1. Impediments Exporting to Bangladesh -- 5.2. Impediments Exporting to Bhutan -- 5.3. Impediments Exporting to Maldives -- 5.4. Impediments Exporting to Nepal -- 5.5 Impediments Exporting to Sri Lanka -- Chapter 6 Prioritized Recommendations for Action -- 6.1 Recommendations for National Action: India.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Box -- Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Weights and Measures -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SASEC Strategic Objectives and Operational Priorities -- 3 Overview of World Maritime Trade -- 3.1 World Trade Carried by Sea -- 3.2 World Container Trade -- 3.3 Major Container Operators -- 3.4 Container Ports -- 3.5 Connectivity -- 4 Overview of the SASEC Maritime Environment -- 4.1 Profile of SASEC Trade -- 4.2 SASEC Ports -- 4.3 SASEC Liner Connectivity -- 4.4 SASEC Cruise Liner Sector -- 5 Institutional Framework in the SASEC Maritime Sector -- 5.1 Bangladesh -- 5.2 India -- 5.3 Maldives -- 5.4 Myanmar -- 5.5 Sri Lanka -- 6 Current and Future Issues in the SASEC Maritime Sector -- 6.1 Supply-Shipping Lines -- 6.2 SASEC Port Performance -- 6.3 Port Interfaces -- 6.4 Information and Communication Technology Developments -- 6.5 Development of Port-Based Economic Complexes -- 6.6 Impact of the Cruise Sector on Freight Handling -- 6.7 Indication of Possible SASEC Port Development Priorities -- 7 Scope for SASEC Initiatives in the Maritime Sector -- 7.1 Information and Communication Technology and Port Community System -- 7.2 Legal and Regulatory Issues -- 7.3 Development of External Logistics Infrastructure -- 7.4 Environmental Issues-"Green Ports" -- 7.5 Development of the Cruise Sector -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Currencies and Exchange Rates -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction -- II. Overview of Pacific State-Owned Banks -- A. Size and Market Share -- B. Legal Frameworks and Supervision -- C. Mandates -- D. Ownership and Corporate Governance -- 1. Composition of the Board of Directors -- 2. Board Appointments -- 3. Director Performance Appraisal -- 4. Risk Management, Disclosure, and Corporate Planning -- E. Banking Services and Customers Served -- F. Funding Sources -- G. Profitability and Efficiency -- H. Asset Quality and Capital Adequacy -- I. Concessional Lending -- III. International Experience with Development Banks -- A. Global Findings -- B. Profiles of Successful State-Owned Banks -- 1. Business Development Bank of Canada -- 2. DFCC Bank -- IV. The Way Forward for State-Owned Banks in the Pacific -- A. Clarifying the Role of State-Owned Banks -- B. Providing Strong Foundations -- C. Improving Performance -- D. Maintaining Relevance -- Appendix: Profiles of State-Owned Banks in the Pacific -- A. Cook Islands -- 1. Finance Sector Composition -- 2. Bank of the Cook Islands -- B. The Federated States of Micronesia -- 1. Finance Sector Composition -- 2. Federated States of Micronesia Development Bank -- 3. Bank of the Federated States of Micronesia -- C. Fiji -- 1. Finance Sector Composition -- 2. Fiji Development Bank -- D. Republic of the Marshall Islands -- 1. Finance Sector Composition -- 2. Marshall Islands Development Bank -- E. Palau -- 1. Finance Sector Composition -- 2. National Development Bank of Palau -- F. Papua New Guinea -- 1. Finance Sector Composition -- 2. MiBank (Nationwide Microbank Ltd) -- 3. National Development Bank of Papua New Guinea -- 4. People's Micro Bank -- G. Samoa -- 1. Finance Sector Composition.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Currency Equivalents -- Abbreviations -- I Introduction -- II Sector Assessment: Context and Strategic Issues -- A. Overall Transport Sector Context -- B. Subsector Assessments -- C. Core Sector Issues, Causes, and Effects -- III Sector Strategy -- A. Government Sector Strategy and Plans -- B. ADB Sector Support Program and Experience -- C. Other Development Partner Support -- D. ADB Sector Strategy -- IV Transport Sector Road Map and Results Framework -- Appendix: Problem Tree for Transport Sector.