Suchergebnisse

Since reform marked by fall downing regime him Governance of New Order, peeping out a period to transition in course of democracy. Word democratize likely become tidy political jargon in the form of social issues and HAM which later then diekspos to society to oppose all policy of governance. Proper confessed during governance of New Order, democracy likely become very matter of taboo to be talked openly public. This matter of mirror from various legislation product which do not express justice of society in general.

Abstract This paper describes the role of political parties as the ideal political machine that functions encourage public participation in the context of a democratic political system. At the same time globalization provide broad access for the citizens of the State to establish global networks. Meeting of the party's strategic role and globalization spawned a new social layer. Key Word: political parties, democracy, globalization.

Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter der ISBN 978-3-7983-2268-4. ; Die MENA (Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika) ist das trockenste Gebiet der Welt. Die nutzbaren Wasserressourcen gehen zurück, während die Nachfrage - auf Grund eines raschen Bevölkerungswachstums – steigt. Bewässerte Ackerflächen verbrauchen die größte Menge der Wasserressourcen als ein Ergebnis fortwährender Nachfrage für die Nahrungsproduktion. Ein großes Potential diese steigende Nachfrage zu befriedigen, besteht darin, kommunales Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft wiederzuverwenden. Die Wiederverwendung aufbereiteten Abwassers in der Landwirtschaft führt zu zusätzlichen Wassermengen für die Bewässerung and gibt gleichzeitig Frischwasser frei, das wieder in den öffentlichen Wassersektor eingeleitet werden kann, wo höhere Wasserqualität benötigt wird. Zur Zeit wird in einigen MENA Ländern bereits aufbereitetes Abwasser genutzt. Trotzdem sind diese Mengen im Vergleich zu aufbereiteten Abwässern noch sehr gering. Die wichtigste These dieser Dissertation besteht darin, anzunehmen, dass die Ausweitung des Konflikts über Frischwasser zwischen den verschiedenen Wassersektoren zu vermehrter Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft führen kann. Darüber hinaus hat die mangelnde Wiederverwendung von Abwasser weniger mit teuren Behandlungskosten als viel mehr mit dem Fehlen von geeigneten Wasserpolitiken und angemessenen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen zu tun. Die Zielsetzung dieser Dissertation ist die Analyse von Politiken, rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Komponenten der Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft. Ein systematischer Ansatz wurde gewählt, um die existierenden organisatorischen Strukturen sowie die Rollen und Verantwortlichkeiten der unterschiedlichen Akteure bei der Wiederverwendung von Abwasser zu identifizieren. Die Analyse wird durch die Fallstudie "Jordanien" vertieft. Als Grundlage dient in dieser Dissertation die ausführliche Durchsicht der zugänglichen Literatur, die Richtliniendokumente und Gesetze über die Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in Jordanien. ; The MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region is the driest in the world. Water resources are deteriorating while demand for water is increasing due to the rapid population growth. Irrigated agriculture consumes the largest volume of water resources as a result of continuous demand for food production. A huge potential for satisfying this increasing demand exists in the reuse of municipal wastewater in agriculture. The reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture will provide supplement water quantities for irrigation and will free amounts of freshwater to be reallocated within the municipal water sector, where higher water quality is required. Currently, some wastewater quantities in the MENA countries are already reused. However, the amounts of wastewater reused in comparison to collected and treated wastewater are still low. The main assumptions of this dissertation are that the extent of conflict over freshwater resources between the different water sectors can foster wastewater reuse in agriculture. In addition, the insufficiency associated with wastewater reuse has less to do with the expensive treatment processes rather than with the lack of appropriate water policies and the enabling institutional setting. The dissertation's main objective is the analysis of policies, legal and institutional settings and the components of wastewater reuse in agriculture. A systematic approach was used to identify existing organizational structures; roles and responsibilities of different actors involved in wastewater reuse. The in-depth-analysis is presented through the case study of Jordan. For evidence, the dissertation focuses on an extensive review of the literature available and policy documents and laws on wastewater reuse in Jordan.

This article tackles the historical basis and development of the issue of anti-Semitism and examines its perception and impact in the Arab world. The author argues persuasively that anti-Semitism is specific to European racism against Jews. He does not attempt to deflect the term by arguing, as some have done, that Arabs are a Semitic people, but rather unequivocally condemns anti-Semitism and racism of any sort. The author debunks major myths or misconceptions about anti-Semitism and deals frankly with questions of its political utility with regard to Zionism, Israel and Palestine. In the present day, Holocaust denial is unconscionable and, in the end, is not only morally unacceptable, but in the words of the author 'just plain stupid'. The author castigates Arab and Muslim groups which may take such a stance, arguing that the correct response and Arab reaction to the Holocaust was the simple, straightforward and rational one – a European tragedy, but not one for which the Arabs should assume responsibility.

The story of David and Goliath epitomizes the supremacy of intelligence, acumen, pragmatism and faith in God, over strength, power, military might and numbers. It is easy, of course, to illustrate the confrontation of David with Goliath in Bint Jbeil as an embodiment of this equation, but in a reversal of roles; the Arabs, represented by Hezbollah, were David this time, the weaker opponent armed with faith and intelligence, against power and formidable strength. However, there is another aspect of the myth, not addressed yet; Saul's jealousy of David could as easily have illustrated one of the parties to the war on Lebanon. David's king, Saul, who had failed so far to defeat Goliath, envied David his success and saw him as a threat. He harboured malicious intent towards him and resolved to pursue him until he was able to kill him (1 Samuel 17).

After situating the Palestine question in the context of U.S. global policy, this essay deconstructs the U.S.-Israeli conception of Palestinian statehood as an all-encompassing ""package deal"" solution replacing the final status issues of return, refugees, settlements, and borders. The Gaza disengagement, the author argues, is the first step in implementing this plan. With disengagement, Gaza becomes a strictly Palestinian problem, no longer an Israeli problem, and whatever negotiations may take place will henceforth be dominated by technical and procedural issues connected with the Strip. The whole point of this vision of statehood, according to the author, is to downgrade the Palestine problem to its ""true dimensions.""

After critiquing what have become the main axes of political debate in the occupied territories——suicide bombings, armed operations, and reform——the author emphasizes the imperative need for a comprehensive, inclusive resistance strategy. Elaborating upon five major ingredients that must be taken into account when developing a sound strategy——cost to the adversary, cost to Palestinian society, political discourse, a clear message to the adversary, and a clear message to the world——he argues that in the present phase a resistance strategy is not at odds with state building, and that the two should be pursued in tandem.