Suchergebnisse

A discussion of widely accepted myths used to link public issues to shared moral evaluations of conditions, events, & possible solutions to problems. These myths can mediate SE change by allowing new policies to carry familiar meanings. But, they can also conceal crucial contradictions & facts, legitimize policies that benefit the powerful, & support anachronistic perceptions of policy problems. Two case examples from US domestic policy are presented to illustrate these concepts: homeownership & public-private partnership. Though myths can complicate the effort to use rational, systematic analysis, they must be dealt with by planning professionals. 75 References. Modified HA

Three procedures for reducing inappropriate mouthing behavior in deaf-blind school children are described: (1) contingent reinforcement and a signaled "No" during a training session for appropriate play with toys, (2) two forms of contingent presentation of an aversive taste to reduce inappropriate self-stimulatory and self-injurious mouthing, and (3) contingent presentation of an aversive taste, a signaled "No," and a cueing signal to reduce inappropriate finger-sucking. The effectiveness and efficiency of the three procedures are compared.

This study evaluates the effects of extended year programming for individuals with severe handicapping conditions. Over a 2-year period, summer educational programs were provided for a portion of the available population in a large Canadian city. Data were gathered before the beginning of the educational program, at the end, and at times within the subsequent academic school year. These data suggest that students enrolled in summer programming gain an equivalent or greater amount of skills per amount of time as that gained during the regular school year. In addition, these skills are additive to those gained during the regular academic year.

BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a chemical class widely used in industrial and commercial applications because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Between 2013 and 2016 PFAS were detected in public water systems and private wells in El Paso County, Colorado. The contamination was likely due to aqueous film forming foams used at a nearby Air Force base. OBJECTIVE: To cross-sectionally describe the serum concentrations of PFAS in a highly exposed community, estimate associations with drinking water source, and explore potential demographic and behavioral predictors. METHODS: In June 2018, serum PFAS concentrations were quantified and questionnaires administered in 213 non-smoking adult (ages 19–93) participants residing in three affected water districts. Eighteen PFAS were quantified and those detected in >50% of participants were analyzed: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS). Unadjusted associations were estimated between serum PFAS concentrations and several predictors, including water consumption, demographics, personal behaviors and employment. A multiple linear regression model estimated adjusted associations with smoking history. RESULTS: Study participants' median PFHxS serum concentration (14.8 ng/mL) was approximately 12 times as high as the U.S. national average. Median serum concentrations for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHpS were 9.7 ng/mL, 3.0 ng/mL, 0.4 ng/mL and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively. Determinants of PFHxS serum concentrations were water district of residence, frequency of bottled water consumption, age, race/ethnicity, and smoking history. Determinants of serum concentrations for the other four PFAS evaluated included: water district of residence, bottled water consumption, age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking history, and firefighter or military employment. CONCLUSIONS: Determinants of serum concentrations for multiple PFAS, including ...

International audience ; Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but be- cause of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide be- tween Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, educa- tion and research sector su er some of the worst de cien- cies in access to the Internet, despite progress in develop- ment of NRENs {National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed coun- tries with e ective cyber-capabilities proclaim the bene ts to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revo- lution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facili- ties. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet per- formance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facil- ities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide either as a direct policy objective, or ...

International audience ; Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but be- cause of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide be- tween Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, educa- tion and research sector su er some of the worst de cien- cies in access to the Internet, despite progress in develop- ment of NRENs {National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed coun- tries with e ective cyber-capabilities proclaim the bene ts to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revo- lution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facili- ties. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet per- formance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facil- ities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide either as a direct policy objective, or ...

International audience ; Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but be- cause of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide be- tween Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, educa- tion and research sector su er some of the worst de cien- cies in access to the Internet, despite progress in develop- ment of NRENs {National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed coun- tries with e ective cyber-capabilities proclaim the bene ts to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revo- lution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facili- ties. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet per- formance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facil- ities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide either as a direct policy objective, or ...

International audience ; Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but be- cause of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide be- tween Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, educa- tion and research sector su er some of the worst de cien- cies in access to the Internet, despite progress in develop- ment of NRENs {National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed coun- tries with e ective cyber-capabilities proclaim the bene ts to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revo- lution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facili- ties. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet per- formance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facil- ities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide either as a direct policy objective, or ...

International audience ; Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but be- cause of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide be- tween Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, educa- tion and research sector su er some of the worst de cien- cies in access to the Internet, despite progress in develop- ment of NRENs {National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed coun- tries with e ective cyber-capabilities proclaim the bene ts to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revo- lution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facili- ties. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet per- formance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facil- ities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide either as a direct policy objective, or ...

International audience ; Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but be- cause of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide be- tween Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, educa- tion and research sector su er some of the worst de cien- cies in access to the Internet, despite progress in develop- ment of NRENs {National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed coun- tries with e ective cyber-capabilities proclaim the bene ts to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revo- lution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facili- ties. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet per- formance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facil- ities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide either as a direct policy objective, or indirectly as a means to an end, such as the development of an indigenous capability in science and technology for national development. The expectation is that informed opinion from the scienti c community at the institutional, national, and international levels can be used to in uence the decision makers and donors who are in a position to deliver better Internet capabilities.