The study of contemporary Chinese politics: some remarks on retarded development [based on address]
In: World politics: a quarterly journal of international relations, Volume 12, p. 585-599
ISSN: 0043-8871
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In: World politics: a quarterly journal of international relations, Volume 12, p. 585-599
ISSN: 0043-8871
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 321, Issue 1, p. viii-x
ISSN: 1552-3349
In: Journal of international affairs, Volume 11, Issue 2, p. 122
ISSN: 0022-197X
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 370, Issue 1, p. 143-155
ISSN: 1552-3349
Perhaps the most pivotal factor in the psycholo gy of modern China has been the conflict subsystem of Chi nese behavior. As a framework for studying this system, the extensive data on some six hundred prominent individuals of the 1900-1950 period contained in the Biographical Diction ary o f Republican China furnish a logical data base and point of departure. Turning first to the conceptual foundations, we identify "face" as a guiding tenet, characterized by interper sonal definition and conventionalistic structure, but also stress the high flexibility of Chinese decision-makers under conditions where such concepts as honor, ethics, and morality often ob scure the objective self-interest of the Western strategist. From these axiomatic bases, the Chinese view of strategy in the co-ordinate system of space-time is analyzed. Finally, the general Chinese system of operational strategy is identified as a manipulative mechanism. Chinese emphasis on influencing the opponent's view of reality, his utility orderings, and turn ing these to one's own advantage is set against Western empha sis on the physical aspects of the objective situation. In this connection, strategy and its mechanisms are related to prob lems in communication and signaling, and avenues for future research are suggested.
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 370, p. 143-155
ISSN: 0002-7162
Perhaps the most pivotal factor in the psychol of modern China has been the conflict subsystem of Chinese behavior. As a framework for studying this system, the extensive data on some 600 prominent individuals of the 1900-1950 period contained in the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF REPUBLICAN CHINA furnish a logical data base & point of departure. Turning first to the conceptual foundations, 'face' is identified as a guiding tenet, characterized by interpersonal definition & conventionalistic structure; also stressed, however, is the high flexibility of Chinese decision-makers under conditions where such concepts as honor, ethics, & morality often obscure the objective self-interest of the Western strategist. From these axiomatic bases, the Chinese view of strategy in the coordinate system of space-time is analyzed. Finally, the general Chinese system of operational strategy is identified as a manipulative mechanism. Chinese emphasis on influencing the opponent's view of reality, his utility orderings, & turning these to one's own advantage is set against Western emphasis on the physical aspects of the objective situation. In this connection, strategy & its mechanisms are related to problems in COMM & signaling, & avenues for future res are suggested. HA.
In: Political science quarterly: a nonpartisan journal devoted to the study and analysis of government, politics and international affairs ; PSQ, Volume 81, Issue 2, p. 171-195
ISSN: 1538-165X
In: Political science quarterly: PSQ ; the journal public and international affairs, Volume 81, p. 171-195
ISSN: 0032-3195
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Volume 34, Issue 3, p. 299
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: The Western political quarterly, Volume 21, Issue 2, p. 360
ISSN: 1938-274X
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Volume 42, Issue 2, p. 224
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Volume 40, Issue 3/4, p. 355
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: Pacific affairs: an international review of Asia and the Pacific, Volume 31, Issue 3, p. 305
ISSN: 1715-3379
In: The Western political quarterly, Volume 11, Issue 2, p. 416
ISSN: 1938-274X