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AbstractDo territories change public policies? This would appear to be a rather unusual research orientation. It is even a reversal of the most commonly accepted approaches to the study of territorial public action, which tend to look at this issue from the opposite perspective, that is, in examining how public policies affect territories. The municipal reforms that have simultaneously occurred in Québec and France since the late 1990s afford an excellent opportunity to consider this inversion of the issues. To do so, we take as our theme culture and municipal cultural policies. We try to define and understand to what extent there exist in Québec and France retroactive links between municipal restructuring and municipal decisions about cultural facilities and activities and, more generally, municipal cultural intervention in the urban milieu. This comparative analysis of the cases of France and Québec focuses on discourse as well as achievements. First, we look at the changes arising from institutional reforms in the supply of cultural activities, budgets devoted to culture, and cultural policies. We then consider culture as a vector in the construction of a new municipal institution and a new municipal territory.

International audience ; Do territories change public policies? This would appear to be a rather unusual research orientation. It is even a reversal of the most commonly accepted approaches to the study of territorial public action, which tend to look at this issue from the opposite perspective, that is, in examining how public policies affect territories. The municipal reforms that have simultaneously occurred in Québec and France since the late 1990s afford an excellent opportunity to consider this inversion of the issues. To do so, we take as our theme culture and municipal cultural policies. We try to define and understand to what extent there exist in Québec and France retroactive links between municipal restructuring and municipal decisions about cultural facilities and activities and, more generally, municipal cultural intervention in the urban milieu. This comparative analysis of the cases of France and Québec focuses on discourse as well as achievements. First, we look at the changes arising from institutional reforms in the supply of cultural activities, budgets devoted to culture, and cultural policies. We then consider culture as a vector in the construction of a new municipal institution and a new municipal territory.

International audience ; Do territories change public policies? This would appear to be a rather unusual research orientation. It is even a reversal of the most commonly accepted approaches to the study of territorial public action, which tend to look at this issue from the opposite perspective, that is, in examining how public policies affect territories. The municipal reforms that have simultaneously occurred in Québec and France since the late 1990s afford an excellent opportunity to consider this inversion of the issues. To do so, we take as our theme culture and municipal cultural policies. We try to define and understand to what extent there exist in Québec and France retroactive links between municipal restructuring and municipal decisions about cultural facilities and activities and, more generally, municipal cultural intervention in the urban milieu. This comparative analysis of the cases of France and Québec focuses on discourse as well as achievements. First, we look at the changes arising from institutional reforms in the supply of cultural activities, budgets devoted to culture, and cultural policies. We then consider culture as a vector in the construction of a new municipal institution and a new municipal territory.

Internet voting is currently used in binding elections in 10 countries, and is being considered in many others. In almost all instances where it has been implemented, it is offered as a complementary method of voting; often with the aim to make voting easier and thereby improve turnout. In many municipalities in Canada, however, the adoption of online voting has meant the simultaneous elimination of paper ballots. Drawing on data from a large survey of paper and Internet voters in the 2014 municipal elections in the province of Ontario, Canada, this article examines the effects of eliminating paper ballots on electors based on their digital literacy. We show that digital access and literacy are strongly related to voting method when paper ballots are an option. When paper ballots are unavailable, however, the voting population is made up of more technologically savvy electors, though this effect is delayed and does not occur in the first election without paper ballots. We interpret this finding to indicate that the elimination of paper ballots can disenfranchise those on the wrong side of the digital divide.

This research note uses a new and comprehensive data set of 22,333 municipal elected positions in 3,363 municipalities across Canada to provide a systematic analysis of women's presence in municipal office. Drawing on findings from cross-national research about women's representation in local governments, we examine whether district type, council size, urban setting, women's workforce participation, and degree of conservatism among voters account for variation in the proportion of women elected as councillors and mayors. We find support for most, but not all, of the relevant factors in previous studies. Urban municipalities and municipalities with at-large and hybrid elections are associated with larger proportions of women mayors and councillors. Ideology also matters: the proportion of women in municipal office is smaller in conservative municipalities. Finally, we find no evidence that council size or women's labor force participation is related to women's representation among mayors or councillors.

Les années 2000 se caractérisent à l'échelle locale dans une majeure partie des démocraties occidentales par une quête d'efficience et d'efficacité, ce qui s'est traduit par différentes réorganisations des systèmes locaux de gouvernement. Quelle que soit la nature de ces réformes, elles ont contribué à modifier grandement le paysage politique de cette échelon de pouvoir et notamment le rôle du maire au sein du gouvernement local. L'objet de cette communication est de présenter les premiers résultats d'une recherche quantitative menée afin d'établir une microsociologie des maires au Québec et en Wallonie. Après avoir rappelé les traits caractéristiques des systèmes politiques locaux dans les deux espaces politiques et la pertinence de leur comparaison, nous nous intéresserons à la fonction mayorale. Nous détaillerons les résultats de deux enquêtes portant sur la carrière antérieure qu'ont eue l'ensemble des maires québécois et des bourgmestres wallons. L'analyse de ces résultats mettra en lumière les similitudes et les distinctions existant entre deux contextes institutionnels structurés fort différemment. Dans un premier temps, nous mettrons en évidence des variables sociodémographiques classiques (sexe, âge, statut socio économique). Nous relierons ces éléments avec d'autres variables comme la taille de la commune ou la couleur politique. Ces données offriront également la possibilité de comparer le caractère plus ou moins élitiste des deux systèmes électoraux locaux. Dans un second temps, nous chercherons à comprendre quelle est la place détenue par la fonction mayorale au sein d'une carrière politique et ce qu'elle révèle des dynamiques politiques locales à l'œuvre. Les restructurations du gouvernement local, le contexte de gouvernance, le rééchelonnement politique sont en effet autant d'éléments qui interpellent la façon dont se définit aujourd'hui le parcours politique des élus.

Les années 2000 se caractérisent à l'échelle locale dans une majeure partie des démocraties occidentales par une quête d'efficience et d'efficacité, ce qui s'est traduit par différentes réorganisations des systèmes locaux de gouvernement. Quelle que soit la nature de ces réformes, elles ont contribué à modifier grandement le paysage politique de cette échelon de pouvoir et notamment le rôle du maire au sein du gouvernement local. L'objet de cette communication est de présenter les premiers résultats d'une recherche quantitative menée afin d'établir une microsociologie des maires au Québec et en Wallonie. Après avoir rappelé les traits caractéristiques des systèmes politiques locaux dans les deux espaces politiques et la pertinence de leur comparaison, nous nous intéresserons à la fonction mayorale. Nous détaillerons les résultats de deux enquêtes portant sur la carrière antérieure qu'ont eue l'ensemble des maires québécois et des bourgmestres wallons. L'analyse de ces résultats mettra en lumière les similitudes et les distinctions existant entre deux contextes institutionnels structurés fort différemment. Dans un premier temps, nous mettrons en évidence des variables sociodémographiques classiques (sexe, âge, statut socio économique). Nous relierons ces éléments avec d'autres variables comme la taille de la commune ou la couleur politique. Ces données offriront également la possibilité de comparer le caractère plus ou moins élitiste des deux systèmes électoraux locaux. Dans un second temps, nous chercherons à comprendre quelle est la place détenue par la fonction mayorale au sein d'une carrière politique et ce qu'elle révèle des dynamiques politiques locales à l'œuvre. Les restructurations du gouvernement local, le contexte de gouvernance, le rééchelonnement politique sont en effet autant d'éléments qui interpellent la façon dont se définit aujourd'hui le parcours politique des élus.

AbstractThis research note describes the Canadian Municipal Elections Database (CMED), a new publicly available and actively maintained dataset of more than 24,000 municipal elections in Canada. We describe the need for high-quality election results data for municipal politics research and describe the content, sources and construction of the CMED. To illustrate the value of the CMED, we estimate gender differences in municipal electoral performance for the first time, finding that women are, on average, more likely than men to win municipal elections in Canada.

While Quebec is well known for its provincial level party politics and thriving nationalism, voting behaviour and electoral campaigning at the municipal level have failed to gain much attention to date. Voting in Quebec Municipal Elections seeks to transform the state of municipal elections research in Quebec through a systematic study of the 2017 Montreal and Quebec City elections. Drawing upon data from the Canadian Municipal Election Study, the authors demonstrate not only the importance of Quebec municipal politics, but the many ways that municipal elections research can inform our broader understanding of voting behaviour in the province. This volume considers features particular to the Quebec local context, such as the importance of language and nationalism, the effects of local party labels for down ballot races, and the role of ideology. Voting in Quebec Municipal Elections represents the largest ever collection of work on local elections in the province's history, making a significant contribution to our understanding of the municipal voter in Quebec