Suchergebnisse

The World Wide Web is barely 10 years old and already spans the globe, comprising more than a billion public pages and 3 million servers. It is a decentralized information space, created and controlled by many different authors, and has much lower barriers to entry than conventional information media. The authors analyze the connections between 180 different Internet "nations" using data on the number of Web pages and hyperlinks gathered from a commercial search engine in 1998. They also analyze and describe the geography of the hyperlinks, revealing the most and least connected regions and countries, with a particular focus on African and Central Asian countries. A metric is created, the Hyperlink Index, which is similar to the Export-Import Index common in economics and used to measure the flows of physical goods.

It is argued that research in political geography can be enhanced through integrating methodological & philosophical elements from humanistic geography; changes in this direction are already evident. Contemporary currents in humanism are explored along with how & why they should be adopted by political geography. A working definition of humanistic political geography (HPG) is developed, & major concepts & themes are illustrated via a review of political science/geographical research in the area of international studies. A future research agenda is proposed. In Comments on "Towards a Humanistic Political Geography," Kenneth E. Boulding (U of Colorado, Boulder) argues that both structures & processes must be examined by geographers, the latter of which includes a space-time element & sense of history that is too often ignored. Hwa Yol Jung (Moravian Coll, Bethlehem, Pa) reviews the epistemological, methodological, & substantive aspects of HPG, with particular focus on how humanism is related to deep ecology, phenomenology, & technology. David B. Knight (Carleton U, Ottowa, Ontario) posits that there is a difference between a humanistic political geography & political geographers who are merely humanistic. The themes that Brunn & Yanarella propose for HPG are accepted, but placed in a different order of importance. Jim MacLaughlin (University Coll, Cork, Ireland) questions HPG's potential as a liberating discipline, since it cannot operate within a sociopolitical vacuum. A history of political geography is presented along with the political assumptions inherent in HPG. It is cautioned that HPG should resist applying too liberal a humanist perspective to the fields of ethnonationalism & national separatism. In Comments and Rejoinders, Ernie Yanarella & Stan Brunn address each comment in turn & reiterate the merits of HPG, particularly for peace research & ecostudies. 3 Tables, 258 References. K. Hyatt

This essay explores organizations in civil society as constituting an important sphere of social action in which alternative geopolitical worldviews are produced & disseminated beyond the state. The authors discuss the conceptual relationship between nongovernmental organizations & the geopolitics pursued by states & also develop an appropriate methodological program to investigate organizational geopolitics. This is accomplished by employing critical discourse analysis methods in the examination of press releases made by notable civil society organizations in response to the events of 11 September. While most organizational responses condemned the attacks & expressed a shared sense of sympathy for the victims, there was considerable divergence in the preferred geopolitical & social response -- ranging from restraint & tolerance to aggressive militarism. The findings suggest organizations are not only important sites of alternative geopolitical representations beyond the state, but may also serve to reproduce & recirculate dominant state-centered geopolitical visions as well. 1 Figure. Adapted from the source document.

Se utilizaron hipervínculos de Google Scholar para medir el posicionamiento de algunos centros urbanos de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y México. Los volúmenes de hipervínculos se comparan en español, portugués e inglés para discernir diferencias con respecto al idioma de búsqueda. Surgen dos hallazgos: primero, que cada país tiene una ciudad dominante, a la que la mayoría de las demás en el país están vinculadas; segundo, que hay ciudades claramente centrales, semiperiféricas y periféricas. Esta investigación sienta bases para exploraciones sobre las economías de conocimiento y de la información en éstos y otros países.