Suchergebnisse

Employs the materio-spatial logic of new historical materialism to analyze the technological, financial, political, ideological, & social organizational innovations that maintained successful campaigns to dominate world trade in Portugal, Holland, Great Britain, Japan, & the US. Consideration is given to how the rise of each national economy contributed to globalization. Since the institutions that generate strategies to produce technological innovations are social, interactions between materio-spatial opportunities & constraints are highlighted to explain how matter, space, & technology shaped globalization. An analysis of increasingly efficient transport systems over greater distances is used to challenge the notion that globalization is recent, unique, & "deterritorialized." The various ways each nation expanded the then prevailing mode of heavy industry are explored in order to develop a synthetic model of national ascent to world trade dominance. Attention is also given to how hegemonic competition transforms world trade patterns; & the impact of weight, bulk, raw materials, & distance structure on social organization & national development. The future of global economies is discussed. References. J. Lindroth

The causes & consequences of inequality between national economies, the ascent to dominance within the world hierarchy of economies, & the dynamics driving the material intensification & spatial expansion of production & trade in the world economy have long been core questions in a wide range of fields concerned with economic change & development & with international relations. In this article, we propose that one of the fundamental mechanisms driving all three of these processes for at least the last 500 years has been a dynamic tension, or contradiction, between the economies of scale that reduce relative costs & drive national economic ascent to dominance in world production & trade, & the diseconomies of space that result from the increased consumption of raw materials that this expanded production entails. The four most rapid cases of economic ascent in the history of the world economy -- Holland, GB, the US, & Japan -- resolved this contradiction in similar ways that drove the ascent of these economies to the top of the system of global stratification. 101 References. Adapted from the source document.

This book presents research, analysis, and reflections on the major issues of Guatemalan development and democracy: the role of the military, the involvement of Mayan communities in national development, the possible emergence of more inclusive political institutions and the roles of international forces and agencies in Guatemalan social change. The chapters in this book are written by some of the most prominent scholars and public policy experts from Guatemala and the United States.