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Pollution and its effects on the environment have emerged as critical areas of research within the past 30 years. The Handbook of Environmental Engineering is a collection of methodologies that study the effects of pollution and waste in their three basic forms: gas, solid, and liquid. In Volume 8, Biological Treatment Processes, tried-and-true solutions comprise a 'methodology of pollution control'. The distinguished panel of authors contributes detailed chapters, which include topics ranging from treatment by land application, activated sludge processes, and submerged aeration to trickling filters, lagoons, rotating biological contactors, sequencing batch reactors, digestions, and composting. Volume 8 and its sister book - Volume 9: Advanced Biological Treatment Processes - are designed as both basic biological waste treatment textbooks and reference books for advanced undergraduate and graduate students - as well as for designers of waste treatment systems, scientists, and researchers. An indispensable addition to the Humana Press series, Volume 8: Biological Treatment Processes provides an illuminating look at water pollution control and the fascinating evolution of bio-environmental engineering.

Considering the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between gender relations and migration, the contributions in this book approach migration dynamics from a gender-sensitive perspective. Bringing together insights from various fields of study, it is demonstrated how processes of social change occur differently in distinct life domains, over time, and across countries and/or regions, influencing the relationship between gender and migration. Detailed analysis by regions, countries, and types of migration reveals a strong variation regarding levels and features of female and male migration. This approach enables us to grasp the distinct ways in which gender roles, perceptions, and relations, each embedded in a particular cultural, geographical, and socioeconomic context, affect migration dynamics. Hence, this volume demonstrates that gender matters at each stage of the migration process. In its entirety, 'Gender and Migration' gives evidence of the unequivocal impact of gender and gendered structures, both at a micro and macro level, upon migrant?s lives and of migration on gender dynamics

Teniendo en cuenta que la filosofía es hija de la polis, a primera vista, el tema de la filosofía de la ciudad puede no revelar nada nuevo. De hecho, la filosofía y la ciudad cuentan una historia paralela. Es en el ágora, un espacio privilegiado para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, donde la filosofía se desarrolla como debate de argumentos (Pereira, 2011).
Pero, aunque a lo largo de la historia las ciudades puedan reflejar un deseo civilizatorio, lo cierto es que la ciudad contemporánea refleja muy poco de la realidad política de la polis, de la indiferenciación medieval entre lo público y lo privado o de la racionalidad normativa de la ciudad moderna. Las ciudades en el siglo xx, y especialmente en el siglo xxi, tienen que ver más con las relaciones sociales y económicas de la ciudad industrial y posindustrial. La progresiva mecanización del siglo xix y su extensión, en el siglo xx, a la automatización y a la digitalización, cambian definitivamente la forma en que nos relacionamos, pensamos y trabajamos —en resumen, cómo vivimos—. Con el establecimiento de un capitalismo de orden económico que afecta a todas las dimensiones de la vida de la ciudad, esta queda delimitada por el poder, revela las contradicciones de las sociedades urbanas diseñadas por los mercados y da lugar, según David Harvey (2003, 2008), a la apropiación privada de la vida y los espacios.

In this work we discuss the research findings from the labour-augmented Schumpeter meeting Keynes (K+S) agent-based model. It comprises comparative dynamics experiments on an artificial economy populated by heterogeneous, interacting agents, as workers, firms, banks and the government. The exercises are characterised by different degrees of labour flexibility, or by institutional shocks entailing labour market structural reforms, wherein the phenomenon of hysteresis is endogenous and pervasive. The K+S model constitutes a laboratory to evaluate the effects of new institutional arrangements as active/passive labour market policies, and fiscal austerity. In this perspective, the model allows mimicking many of the customary policy responses which the European Union and many Latin American countries have embraced in reaction to the recent economic crises. The obtained results seem to indicate, however, that most of the proposed policies are likely inadequate to tackle the short-term crises consequences, and even risk demoting the long-run economic prospects. More objectively, the conclusions offer a possible explanation to the negative path traversed by economies like Brazil, where many of the mentioned policies were applied in a short period, and hint about some risks ahead.

AbstractA growing number of studies have linked mindfulness with the adoption of environmentally friendly behaviors. We aim to contribute to this emergent research by putting forward a model in which the relationship between mindfulness and a specific pro‐environmental behavior, water conservation, is indirect. In this pursuit, we draw on the hierarchical model for the influence of psychological characteristics on individuals' behaviors. We propose that the relationship between mindfulness and water conservation is mediated by environmental beliefs, namely water utilitarian beliefs, and consumer abilities, specifically water‐related perceived consumer effectiveness. To collect the data, we relied on a pretested self‐report questionnaire that was distributed in a Portuguese municipality. We retained the responses from 876 individuals, for a net response rate of 54.8%. The research model was tested with structural equation modeling. The results indicate that mindfulness is negatively related to water utilitarian beliefs, that these are negatively related to perceived consumer effectiveness, which, in turn, is positively associated with water conservation behavior. In addition to these direct relationships, the results show that mindfulness is indirectly related to water conservation behavior and to perceived consumer effectiveness, and that water utilitarian beliefs are indirectly related to water conservation behavior. These novel results are used to derive managerial implications.

[EN] Laser metal deposition (LMD) and laser cladding (LC) are alternative methods to thermal spraying processes to produce dense, high-quality coatings. In this work, two MCrAlY coatings (M=Ni+Co) have been prepared onto stainless steel substrate using a coaxial LC technique under two different Ni/Co and Al proportions. The mechanical properties were then evaluated with microhardness, nanoindentation, and three-point bending tests. The microstructure and composition of coatings were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM) coupled to an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The study revealed that the ¿/ß phases formed in the MCrAlY coating microstructure result in a lower elastic modulus than the austenitic stainless steel substrate, while an inverse behavior for hardness was observed due the presence of the aluminum-rich ß-phase. Under flexural loads, the failure of coatings showed plasticity and anisotropy characteristics depending on the two laser tracks orientations evaluated. ; The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain through research project MAT2011-28492-C03, and the support of the Generalitat Valenciana through ACOMP/2013/114 ; Pereira, JC.; Zambrano, JC.; Rayón, E.; Yañez, A.; Amigó, V. (2018). Mechanical and microstructural characterization of MCrAlY coatings produced by laser cladding: The influence of the Ni, Co and Al content. Surface and Coatings Technology. 338:22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.01.073 ; S ; 22 ; 31 ; 338