Suchergebnisse

Aiming at the disconnection between theory and practice in the experimental teaching of electrical and electronic technology courses, students do not have a deep understanding of knowledge and cannot exercise their practical ability. This paper puts forward the application of simulation software to the experimental teaching process of electrical and electronic technology to form an experimental teaching model combining theory, simulation and practice. The results show that the proposed teaching method can deepen the students' understanding of theoretical knowledge, improve their interest in learning, enhance their innovative application ability, and significantly improve the teaching quality.

AbstractA disease burden (DB) evaluation for environmental pathogens is generally performed using disability‐adjusted life years with the aim of providing a quantitative assessment of the health hazard caused by pathogens. A critical step in the preparation for this evaluation is the estimation of morbidity between exposure and disease occurrence. In this study, the method of a traditional dose–response analysis was first reviewed, and then a combination of the theoretical basis of a "single‐hit" and an "infection‐illness" model was performed by incorporating two critical factors: the "infective coefficient" and "infection duration." This allowed a dose–morbidity model to be built for direct use in DB calculations. In addition, human experimental data for typical intestinal pathogens were obtained for model validation, and the results indicated that the model was well fitted and could be further used for morbidity estimation. On this basis, a real case of a water reuse project was selected for model application, and the morbidity as well as the DB caused by intestinal pathogens during water reuse was evaluated. The results show that the DB attributed to Enteroviruses was significant, while that for enteric bacteria was negligible. Therefore, water treatment technology should be further improved to reduce the exposure risk of Enteroviruses. Since road flushing was identified as the major exposure route, human contact with reclaimed water through this pathway should be limited. The methodology proposed for model construction not only makes up for missing data of morbidity during risk evaluation, but is also necessary to quantify the maximum possible DB.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> We aimed to explore the relation of <i>XPD</i> and <i>XPF</i> variants with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk and the effect of these variants on the sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy among the Chinese Han population in high-altitude areas. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i>XPD</i> and <i>XPF</i> were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform among 506 NSCLC cases and 510 healthy controls. Correlation of <i>XPD</i> and <i>XPF</i> gene polymorphisms with NSCLC susceptibility and the response of cis­platin-based chemotherapy were analyzed with logistic regression by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <b><i>Results:</i></b> <i>XPD</i> rs13181 (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.24, <i>p</i> = 0.029) and rs1052555 (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.05–2.53, <i>p</i> = 0.029) possibly contributed to the increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma, while <i>XPD</i> rs238406 (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94, <i>p</i> = 0.024) was a protective factor for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Age, gender, BMI, smoking, and drinking might affect the correlation of <i>XPD</i> and <i>XPF</i> polymorphisms with NSCLC risk. More importantly, <i>XPD</i> rs13181 (OR = 2.91, <i>p</i> = 0.015), <i>XPD</i> rs1052555 (OR = 2.67, <i>p</i> = 0.022), and <i>XPF</i> rs231127 (OR = 4.15, <i>p</i> = 0.008) were associated with treatment response in NSCLC patients underwent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study found that <i>XPD</i> and <i>XPF</i> variants might contribute to NSCLC risk and the response of cisplatin-based chemotherapy among the Chinese Han population in high-altitude areas.