Suchergebnisse

In the presence of crisis, such as global COVID-19 pandemic crisis, governments have more and more take critical decisions to cope with consequential environmental threats in the presence of highly restricted time. This chapter provides a simple description of techniques of decision making in different environments/conditionsof crisis management and how that process is influenced by manifold social, economic and/or technical factors; ultimately it is presented how the approach of improvisation can support the process of decision-makingto cope with unforeseen and new events, rapid changes, turbulent environment and/or specific situations of emergency.Keywords. Critical decision, Decision making, Decision support, Uncertainty, COVID-19, Crisis management, Problem solving, Bounded rationality, Improvisation.JEL. F21, F68, O53, K23.

This paper analyzes how longer and shorter period of national lockdown during the first wave of COVID-19 can affect public health and economy of nations. Results show that a) countries with shorter period of lockdown (about 15 days) have a variation of confirmed cases/population (%) higher than countries with longer period of lockdown (more than one month); b) countries with shorter period of lockdown have average fatality rate lower than countries with longer period of lockdown, whereas variation of fatality rate suggests a higher reduction in countries with longer period of lockdown. However, the study reveals that the impact of longer period of national lockdown, as policy response of governments against COVID-19, pandemic seems to generate rather ambiguous effects on public health, however, this longer period of lockdown has a higher negative impact on economic growth of countries in terms of contraction of gross domestic product growth. Lessons learned can be important to design effective public responses for future waves of the COVID-19 and future epidemics similar to the COVID-19.Keywords. Lockdown, COVID-19, Crisis management, Public policy, Healthcare, Economic Growth, Contraction, Environmental impact, Air pollution.JEL. O15, O18, O24, R13, R23, R59, H29, H71, H73, J42, J61, J62, J68, F22, F42.