Publicado en: Revista Internacional de Sociología, 35: 7-51, 2003 ; This article describes and analyses the Andalusian Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy evolution from the mid eighties up to 2001, using an analytical framework that takes on board several variables such as models and ideas, interests, political preferences, institutions and socio-economic factors. Andalusia was one of the first Spanish Autonomous Communities to initiate a regional science, technology and innovation policy. The isolation of the scientific and technological domains has been one of the key features of STI policy in this region, with a clear predominance of the first over the second. It is argued that the key explanatory factor of the initial academic orientation of Andalusia STI regional policy and of its consolidation and stability over time has been the strength of university and scientific interests within the region al political game. ; Financiación del Programa Marco de I+D de la UE, del PRICIT de la Comunidad de Madrid, y del III Plan Nacional de I+D (SEC 1999-0829-C02-01) ; Peer reviewed
Published as: Evaluation of the Business Teachers' Incorporation Action (IDE), Madrid: Cotec Foundation for Technological Innovation, 2004 The incorporation of doctoral candidates into companies is considered to be a very appropriate measure to raise the technological level of the productive fabric. The development acquired by the public R & D system in the 90s suggested that the doctors he had trained could meet not only the demand of the system itself, but also an incipient need from the business sector, which had not yet emerged. On the basis of the above assumptions, Cotec strongly supported, between mid-1997 and the end of 2001, the launch and development by the General State Administration of the Action for the integration of doctoral candidates in enterprises (IDE), with the primary aim of stimulating the improvement and start of technological innovation activities in companies. As a first technology policy evaluation exercise, after the completion of the IDE Action and replaced by the Torres Quevedo programme, an analysis was carried out in order to gain useful experience for similar programmes in the future. The study shows widespread satisfaction, both among the companies and among the doctors involved, as well as the high rate of doctors who continued in the business environment with open-ended contracts. This study, in the context of evaluating and monitoring the actions of the National R & D & I Plan, has been jointly promoted by the Directorate-General for Research and the Secretariat-General for Science Policy of the Ministry of Science and Technology and has been funded by the Cotec Foundation. ; Peer reviewed ; Published as: Evaluation of the Business Teachers' Incorporation Action (IDE), Madrid: Cotec Foundation for Technological Innovation, 2004 The incorporation of doctoral candidates into companies is considered to be a very appropriate measure to raise the technological level of the productive fabric. The development acquired by the public R & D system in the 90s suggested ...
Published at: 'Papers: Sociology magazine, 70: 11-40, 2003 this article describes the emergence and orientation of R & D and innovation policies in Catalonia. It looks at the most influential factors in the direction of these policies and, ultimately, in the policy choices made. The science and technology policy developed by the Catalan regional government since the early 1980s has been a policy in which, despite the preferences expressed in the political discourse, an academic policy model has prevailed over that of business orientation. Moreover, in organisational and institutional terms, in the Autonomous Community administration, scientific policy has been separate and distinct from technological policy despite the initial design of interdepartmental institutions. The main reason why Catalan R & D policy did not follow a more industrial model, linked to the business world, was the pressure exerted by Catalan universities to adapt both the institutional design and the content of the policy to their needs. The previous academic track record of managers also contributed to the reorientation of political preferences. Despite the importance of Catalan companies in R & D, they were not sufficiently mobilised and put pressure on governments. Analytically, this case illustrates how the mere political creation of institutions does not guarantee the realisation of political preferences. It also shows how the time horizon for government decision-making has an impact on the expectations of actors, who develop learning processes based on experiences in similar policy environments at other levels. Finally, he stressed the importance of power in management institutions in this type of distributive policy. This work has been carried out thanks to the funding of the Framework Programme for R & D, the PRICIT of the Community of Madrid and CICYT's III National R & D Plan (SEC 1999-0829-C02-01). ; Peer reviewed ; Published at: 'Papers: Sociology magazine, 70: 11-40, 2003 this article describes the emergence ...
Este artículo describe la emergencia y orientación de las políticas de I+D e innovación en Cataluña. Se analizan cuáles son los factores más influyentes en la orientación de estas políticas y, en definitiva, en las opciones políticas que se toman. La política de ciencia y tecnología desarrollada por el gobierno regional catalán desde principios de los años ochenta ha sido una política en la que, a pesar de las preferencias manifestadas en el discurso político, ha predominado un modelo de política académico sobre el de orientación empresarial. Asimismo, en términos organizativos e institucionales, en la Administración autonómica, la política científica ha estado separada y diferenciada de la política tecnológica a pesar del diseño inicial de instituciones interdepartamentales. La principal razón de que la política de I+D catalana no siguiera un modelo más industrial, ligado al mundo empresarial, fue la presión que ejercieron las universidades catalanas para que, tanto el diseño institucional como el contenido de la política se adaptara a sus necesidades. La trayectoria académica previa de los gestores también contribuyó a la reorientación de las preferencias políticas. A pesar de la importancia de las empresas catalanas en la I+D, éstas no se movilizaron ni presionaron a los gobiernos suficientemente. Analíticamente, este caso ilustra cómo la sola creación política de instituciones no garantiza la realización de las preferencias políticas. También pone de manifiesto cómo el horizonte temporal de la toma de decisiones gubernamental tiene un efecto en las expectativas de los actores, que desarrollan procesos de aprendizaje a partir de las experiencias en arenas políticas similares a otros niveles. Por último, destaca la importancia del poder en las instituciones de gestión en este tipo de política distributiva. ; This paper describes the emergence and orientation of R&D and innovation policies in Catalonia. The factors with a greater explanatory power about the orientation of these policies are also analised. The research and technology policy developed by the Catalonian government since the beginning of the eighties has been, despite the preferences revealed by the political discourse, one in which an academic model has been predominant over a pro-business one. In the same way, in organisational and institutional terms, research and technology policies have belonged to separate and independent administrative domains, despite the initial creation of inter-departamental institutions within the regional administration. The main reason why Catalonian R&D policy has not followed a pro-business model, was the strong pressure that Catalonian Universities showed, in order to get both institutional designs and policy contents which favoured them and which matched their needs. The previous academic background of policy makers contributed in the same direction. In spite of the relevance of firms in the Catalonian R&D scene, these actors did not either mobilise or pressure governments sufficiently. From an analytical point of view, this case illustrates how the political creation of institutions is not a sufficient condition for the advancement of political preferences. It also makes clear how the time framework of political decision making has an effect on actors' expectations, who develop learning processes from experiences in similar political arenas at different levels. Lastly, it shows how, within these type of distributive policies, decision power within management institutions becomes very important.
The economic crisis which began in 2008 has had a far-reaching impact, including effects on the innovation behaviour of firms. Many companies have reduced their innovation-related activities, although some firms have been more resilient than others. Using a representative microdata panel of Spanish firms, we study the probability of companies abandoning in-house R&D during the crisis and its relationship to regional and policy factors. We find significant regional heterogeneity related to regional economic size and the type of the regional innovation system; regional government R&D support only reduces R&D abandonment rates in regions where a strong system of knowledge exploitation is in place. ; Peer reviewed
El Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico (FCCyT) es el órgano autónomo permanente de consulta del Poder Ejecutivo Federal, del Consejo General de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación y de la Junta de Gobierno de CONACYT en temas destinados a fortalecer el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTI). Desde sus inicios en el año 2002 el FCCyT también ha colaborado con el Poder Legislativo, a través del trabajo con la Comisión de Ciencia y Tecnología del Congreso de la Unión, así como con las comisiones que llevan estos temas en las Cámaras Legislativas de las entidades federativas. La existencia, objetivos y competencias del FCCyT están definidos en tres cuerpos normativos principales: la Ley de Ciencia y Tecnología; la Ley Orgánica del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; y el Estatuto Orgánico del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. ; Peer Reviewed
El presente libro aporta al campo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación, mediante el análisis comparado de los Planes de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación (PCTI), tratando de superar el enfoque dominante que privilegia los casos nacionales independientes que ha limitado el debate académico. Considera tanto estudios sobre las dinámicas de su institucionalización, el papel de los diversos actores, las contribuciones del campo a la concepción de las políticas y los desafíos que se presentan a las PCTI para responder a los imperativos de democratización, inclusión y sustentabilidad.
