Suchergebnisse

Der 1948 aus Ungarn emigrierte Autor und emeritierte Professor der Columbia University in New York untersucht Kollaboration und Anpassung, Widerstand und Vergeltung in den während des 2. Weltkriegs von Nazideutschland besetzten und mit Deutschland verbündeten Ländern. Rezension: Zusammenfassender Überblick über die vielfältigen Formen von Kollaboration, Anpassung und Widerstand sowie die nachfolgenden juristischen und anderen Vergeltungsmassnahmen, die es in den von Deutschland während des 2. Weltkriegs besetzten sowie den mit Deutschland verbündeten Ländern gab (vgl. M. Mazower: 2009). Der 1926 in Budapest geborene Autor, der 1948 aus Ungarn emigrierte, hat viel zur mittel- und osteuropäischen Geschichte publiziert und ist heute Professor Emeritus der Columbia University in New York. Nach einem kurzen Blick auf die Geschichte von Besatzungsherrschaften folgt er der Chronik der nationalsozialistischen Eroberungen und schildert mit einer Vielzahl von Beispielen die sehr unterschiedlichen Formen, wie in den einzelnen Ländern darauf reagiert wurde. Dabei weist er immer wieder darauf hin, wie schwer die oft widersprüchlichen und unklaren Verhaltensweisen voneinander abzugrenzen und eindeutig zu kategorisieren sind. Textabbildungen, Karten, systematisch gegliederte Bibliografie, Personen- und Ortsregister. (3)

The presentation of Europe's immediate historical past has quite dramatically changed. Conventional depictions of occupation and collaboration in World War II, of wartime resistance and post-war renewal, provided the familiar backdrop against which the chronicle of post-war Europe has mostly been told. Within these often ritualistic presentations, it was possible to conceal the fact that not only were the majority of people in Hitler's Europe not resistance fighters but millions actively co-operated with and many millions more rather easily accommodated to Nazi rule. Moreover, after the war, those who judged former collaborators were sometimes themselves former collaborators. Many people became innocent victims of retribution, while others--among them notorious war criminals--escaped punishment. Nonetheless, the process of retribution was not useless but rather a historically unique effort to purify the continent of the many sins Europeans had committed. This book sheds light on the collective amnesia that overtook European governments and peoples regarding their own responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity--an amnesia that has only recently begun to dissipate as a result of often painful searching across the continent. In inspiring essays, a group of internationally renowned scholars unravels the moral and political choices facing European governments in the war's aftermath: how to punish the guilty, how to decide who was guilty of what, how to convert often unspeakable and conflicted war experiences and memories into serviceable, even uplifting accounts of national history. In short, these scholars explore how the drama of the immediate past was (and was not) successfully "overcome." Through their comparative and transnational emphasis, they also illuminate the division between eastern and western Europe, locating its origins both in the war and in post-war domestic and international affairs. Here, as in their discussion of collaborators' trials, the authors lay bare the roots of the many unresolved and painful memories clouding present-day Europe. Contributors are Brad Abrams, Martin Conway, Sarah Farmer, Luc Huyse, Lászlo Karsai, Mark Mazower, and Peter Romijn, as well as the editors. Taken separately, their essays are significant contributions to the contemporary history of several European countries. Taken together, they represent an original and pathbreaking account of a formative moment in the shaping of Europe at the dawn of a n ...

A few years after the Nazis came to power in Germany, an alliance of states and nationalistic movements formed, revolving around the German axis. That alliance, the states involved, and the interplay between their territorial aims and those of Germany during the interwar period and World War II are at the core of this volume. This "territorial revisionism" came to include all manner of political and military measures that attempted to change existing borders. Taking into account not just interethnic relations but also the motivations of states and nationalizing ethnocratic ruling elites, this volume reconceptualizes the history of East Central Europe during World War II. In so doing, it presents a clearer understanding of some of the central topics in the history of the war itself and offers an alternative to standard German accounts of the period and East European national histories