Suchergebnisse

Transnationalism tends to be seen as a late twentieth century development associated with advanced capitalism, flexible production and post‐modernism. However, if, as many claim, nationalism emerged in the era of capitalism, then it surely had to deal with the boundary‐crossing and globalizing impetus of capitalism from its inception. This article explores how nationalist regimes and spokesmen dealt with the transnational flows, demands, and ideals generated not only by capitalism, but by historical forces such as universalizing religions and the distribution and movement of populations across territorial nations. Focusing on East Asia in the first half of the twentieth century, three cases are studied: the convergence of Chinese and Japanese ideals of pan‐Asianism; the Chinese republican regime's effort to incorporate the non‐Chinese peoples of the vast peripheries into the territorial nation‐state; and this regime's efforts to cultivate the loyalty of overseas Chinese to the nation‐state. Mobilizing and deploying these transterritorial phenomena was crucial to the nation‐state's internal power, yet such a mobilization tended to transgress the conception of territorial sovereignty upon which the nation‐state was equally dependent both domestically and internationally. The recent signs of a tendency for the territorially sovereign nation to develop into a deterritorialized nation has consequences that can only be understood in the context of the nation's relationship to transnational forces in this earlier period.

Am Beispiel der VR China geht der Autor auf den Nationenbegriff ein und formuliert Thesen bezüglich der historischen Entwicklung des Nationalismus in China. Den Nationalismus begreift er dabei als ein Integrationsmodell, um verschiedene Meinungen in einen Konsens zu bringen. Nationalismus ist historisch gewachsen, indem sich eine Gemeinschaft über die eigene Kultur definiert. Der Autor geht in seinem Text auf den sozio-kulturellen Wandel in China ein, insbesondere nach der Revolution von 1911. Abschließend geht er auf die Frage ein, was eine Gemeinschaft zusammenhält und wie sie sich gegenüber anderen Gemeinschaften abgrenzt. (FUB-Hfs)

Beginning around the turn of the twentieth century, the Chinese state launched onto a course of development that seemed to resemble the process in early modern Europe that Charles Tilly and others have called state making (Tilly 1975). The phenomenon of an expanding state structure penetrating levels of society untouched before, subordinating, co-opting, or destroying the relatively autonomous authority structures of local communities in a bid to increase its command of local resources, appeared to be repeating itself in late imperial and republican China. The similarities include the impulse toward centralization, bureaucratization, and rationalization; the insatiable drive to increase revenues for both military and civilian purposes; the violent resistance of local communities to this inexorable process of intrusion and extraction; and the formation of alliances between the state and local elites to consolidate their power (Duara 1983).