Suchergebnisse

Examines the migration potential in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, & Slovakia, using 1996 survey data from 4,392 persons. Results indicate that all scenarios that predict an imminent exodus of people from East & Central Europe are exaggerating the real dimension of East-West migration. The migration potential in the four countries investigated here is between 700,000 & (potentially) 4 million persons, higher than the numbers foreseen by the law for annual immigration to Austria & the Federal Republic of Germany & higher than the numbers thought politically acceptable. Principal information concealing the demographic & social structure of the people who are willing to leave their country & planning a stay in Western Europe is given.

La migración del Este al Oeste en Europa (1918-1993).
Heinz FASSMAN y Rainer MÜNZ
Este artículo examina los datos demográficos disponibles sobre la migración internacional en el interior y hacia Europa, en los periodos de 1918 a 1939 y de 1945 a 1993. Entre la dos guerras, cerca de 9.2 millones de personas parten de su país de origen, por razones económicas o geo-políticas. En lo inmediato de la post-guerra (1945-1950), unos 15.4 millones de personas se refugiaron o fueron desplazadas al interior de Europa. La mayoría de entre ellos emigraron o se vieron obligados a emigrar hacia el Oeste. Entre 1950 y 1992, 14 millones de personas adicionales migran de un país del Este de Europa central o del Este hacía el Oeste. Los principales paises de origen de estos immigrantes son la ex-República Democrática Alemana (37% de todos los desplazamientos Este-Oeste por este periodo); Ex-Yugoeslavia (17% inluyendo las personas que se han desplazado recientemement de Bosnia , Croacia y Servia); Polonia (14%), la ex Unión Soviética (12%). Más de las dos terceras partes de estos immigrantes europeos se instalan en Alemania del Oeste. La mayor parte de ellos pertenece a una minoría éthnica o religiosa disponiendo de un Estado soberano al Oeste o, por lo menos de una comunidad de refugio o de un "lobby" fundamentalmente necesario en uno de los países del Oeste. En estos últimos años las guerras de Croacia, Bosnia y la purificación étnica, han ocasionado la ola más grande de refugiados y apátridas desde 1945. Más de cinco millones de ciudadanos de ex-Yougoeslavia son apátridas. Solamente 700 000 de ellos han logrado llegar a un país del Oeste.
El artículo concluye que los factores de atracción/repulsión ("push-pull") que provocan estas migraciones masivas no pueden ser dominados unicamente con la implantación de nuevas barreras legislativas y un mayor despliegue de agentes como guarda-fronteras.

This article's thesis is that Europe is undergoing an international but intracontinental migration such as it has not seen since the beginning of the Cold War. The authors cite several reasons for the recent outburst of migration: ethnic relocation, the search for refuge and asylum, and the need for work. They also present a country-by-country description of sending and receiving nations. The push and pull factors causing such massive migration cannot only be contained by the present methods of having each government erect legislative and other barriers – such as armed border guards – against newcomers.

Après la fermeture de plus en plus marquée de ses frontières à l'immigration économique, la seule voie d'accès à la «forteresse Europe» est devenue la procédure d'asile. Cet état de fait, ainsi que la recrudescence des conflits dans le tiers-monde et dans les pays de l'ancien bloc de l'Est ont provoqué un afflux de réfugiés et de demandeurs d'asile dans l'Union européenne. Les Etats membres ont répondu à cet afflux en ordre dispersé, dans un premier temps, puis en harmonisant leurs procédures, dans un second temps, par des mesures restreignant les conditions d'entrée des demandeurs d'asile ainsi que les possibilités d'obtenir le statut de réfugié.

One of the most important challenges concerning the future of the European Union is the demographic reproduction of the European population. Decreasing birth-rates and the retirement of the baby boomers will dramatically reduce the labour force in the EU, which will entail not only a lack of manpower but also lower contributions to European social systems. It seems clear that the EU will have to counterbalance this population decrease by immigration in the coming years. Migration Between the Middle East, North Africa and Europe takes this challenge as a point of departure for analysing the MENA region, in particular Morocco, Egypt and Turkey, as a possible source of future migration to the European Union. At the same time, it illustrates the uncertainties implied in such calculations, especially at a time of radical political changes, such as those brought about by the Arab Uprising.

"In the last decade, there has been a distinct trend towards a worldwide harmonisation of migration statistics, chiefly pushed by international bodies and organisations that need comparative data. Statistics and Reality shows that these attempts have as yet not been very successful. It provides an accessible account of the history of migration measurement in Europe and analyses the current conceptualisations of migration and data gathering procedures in twelve European countries in the context of their migration histories. Based on this analysis, the authors provide a critical insight into the migrant stocks and flows in their countries"--Publisher's description

In the last decade, there has been a distinct trend towards a worldwide harmonisation of migration statistics, chiefly pushed by international bodies and organisations that need comparative data. Statistics and Reality shows that these attempts have as yet not been very successful. It provides an accessible account of the history of migration measurement in Europe and analyses the current conceptualisations of migration and data gathering procedures in twelve European countries in the context of their migration histories. Based on this analysis, the authors provide a critical insight into the migrant stocks and flows in their countries. - De toenemende vraag naar onderzoeksdata op het gebied van migratie vraagt om een wereldwijde consensus van migratiestatistieken. Statistics and Reality laat zien dat pogingen een eenduidige vorm voor migratiestatistieken te vinden tot nu toe niet succesvol zijn gebleken. Op toegankelijke wijze wordt de geschiedenis van migratieonderzoek in Europa beschreven. Van twaalf Europese landen worden huidige concepten van migratie en methoden voor het vergaren van onderzoeksdata voor dit onderwerp geanalyseerd. Op basis van deze analyse geven de auteurs een kritische kijk op de migrantenvoorraad en -stromen in het desbetreffende land en becommentariC+ren zij trends in recente literatuur, zoals de feminisering van migratie en de diversiteit van de oorsprong van migranten.

In the last decade, there has been a distinct trend towards a worldwide harmonisation of migration statistics, chiefly pushed by international bodies and organisations that need comparative data. Statistics and Reality shows that these attempts have as yet not been very successful. It provides an accessible account of the history of migration measurement in Europe and analyses the current conceptualisations of migration and data gathering procedures in twelve European countries in the context of their migration histories. Based on this analysis, the authors provide a critical insight into the migrant stocks and flows in their countries.