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This important book identifies the current developments within entrepreneurship that are characterized by conceptual richness and methodological diversity. It presents the latest developments of topics such as the entrepreneurial mindset, culture and values as well as advances in entrepreneurship education and development. The contributors open the field for methodological renewal by introducing the current state of and opportunities for explorative research in entrepreneurship. -- Researchers, practitioners and policymakers will find the research in this book both innovative and refreshing, which will be particularly useful for those looking to renew their practices. It will also provide academics with some new ideas to adopt in their teaching and research in order to help their students to acquire entrepreneurial competences.

Introduction: reflecting on our philosophical journey / Stratos Ramoglou, Mine Karatas-Ozkan, Alain Fayolle and Katerina Nicolopoulou -- Applying philosophy to entrepreneurship and the social sciences / Russ McBride -- New partial theory in entrepreneurship: explanation, examination, exploitation and exemplification / Richard J. Arend -- Social constructionism and entrepreneurial opportunity / Luke Pittaway, Rachida Aissaoui and Joe Fox -- Serious realist philosophy and applied entrepreneurship / Lee Martin and Nick Wilson -- Critical realism as a supporting philosophy for entrepreneurship and small business studies / John Kitching -- The other reading : reflections of postcolonial deconstruction for critical entrepreneurship studies / Anna-Liisa Kaasila-Pakanen and Vesa Puhakka -- Cruel optimism : the stories of entrepreneurial attachments / Natasha Slutskaya, Oliver Mallett and Janet Borgerson -- Critiquing and renewing the entrepreneurial imagination / Neil A. Thompson -- Examining the contributions of social science to entrepreneurship : the cases of cosmopolitanism and orientalism / Katerina Nicolopoulou and Christine Samy -- A unified account of the firm: deontic architecture / Brian R. Gordon and Russ McBride -- Uncertainty under entrepreneurship / Dimo Dimov

Entrepreneurship research attracts scholars from a wide spectrum of disciplines. Yet the field is multi-paradigmatic and lacking consensus, even on the nature of core entrepreneurial phenomena. What is recognized is that it is characterized by dynamic and emergent processes - a complex interplay between actors, processes and contexts. As a result, post-positivistic approaches are gaining traction in a field long dominated by positivistic philosophies. This book reflects on the fundamental philosophical basis of entrepreneurship scholarship. It explores the shifting meanings of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, the unexamined assumptions which lie behind the established discourses which legitimize or dismiss the possibilities for scholarship. Contributing scholars adopt a reflexive approach to entrepreneurship research challenging readers to question their approaches and assumptions and explicitly defend them against competing alternatives. Building on this critical reflection, this book provides space for philosophical reflexivity in the conduct and publication of scholarly enquiry and will be of great interest to scholars, researchers and advanced students in all aspect of entrepreneurship study.

Introduction / Alain Fayolle, Sarah Jack, Wadid Lamine and Didier Chabaud -- Part I the evolution of networks across entrepreneurial stages -- 1. Entrepreneurial network composition and the venture creation process: an empirical investigation / Tammi Redd, Michael A. Abebe and Sibin Wu -- 2. Dynamic social networks of entrepreneurs: five years of change in the networks of Dutch entrepreneurs / Marianne De Beer, Gerald Mollenhorst and Veronique Schutjens -- 3. Social networks of the entrepreneur and formation of business opportunities: an exploratory study / Didier Chabaud and Joseph Ngijol -- 4. Start-ups repositioning in business networks / Lise Aaboen and Frida Lind -- Part II formal networks: a new research agenda? -- 5. Business and professional networks: scope and outcomes in oxfordshire / Helen Lawton-Smith and Malika Virahsawmy -- 6. Women entrepreneurs and the process of networking as social exchange / Claire M Leitch, Richard T. Harrison and Frances M. Hill -- 7. Cooperation vs. coordination relations in SME's network: a new view of collective strategy dynamics / Christophe Leyronas and Stéphanie Loup -- Part III context: a benign neglect? -- 8. The competitiveness of entrepreneurial firms from a network perspective / Christian Lechner -- 9. The role of family members in entrepreneurial networks: beyond the boundaries of the family firm / Alistair R. Anderson, Sarah L. Jack and Sarah Drakopoulou Dodd -- 10. Network structures of nascent entrepreneurs: an exploratory study of advisor networks in mena countries / Sarfraz Mian and Shahid Qureshi -- 11. Ubuntu in family businesses: a case in the Democratic Republic of the Congo / Albert B. R. Lwango -- Part IV debates and perspectives: theoretical challenges -- 12. Entrepreneurial mingling secrets: investigating the performance impact of network structure for control-based entrepreneurship using agent-based simulation / Willem Jansen, René Mauer and Malte Brettel -- 13. Entrepreneurial social network and actor-network theory / Wadid Lamine; Alain Fayolle and Hela Chebbi.

This engaging and topical book demonstrates the importance of entrepreneurship research at a time of turbulent environments, as well as highlighting the most recent developments in the field. It explores important avenues of new research and compares the differences in entrepreneurship between countries and regions. Viewing entrepreneurship as a dynamic learning and developmental process, the contributors discuss how the new ideological dialogue of entrepreneurship has started to expand its scope from business to society.

With an increasing focus on the knowledge and service economies, it is important to understand the role that entrepreneurial universities play through collaboration in policy and, in turn, the impact they have on policy. The authors evaluate how universities engage with communities while also balancing stakeholder considerations, and explore how universities should be managed in the future to integrate into global society effectively

The purpose of this paper and the special issue is to improve our understanding of the theoretical, empirical, managerial and political implications of emerging models of entrepreneurial universities in the new social and economic landscape. We accomplish this objective by examining the role of entrepreneurial universities as drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Our analysis starts with an overview by outlining an overarching framework. This allows us to highlight the contributions made in this special issue within the framework. We conclude by outlining an agenda for future research and discuss implications for university managers, policy makers and other academic agents involved in the development of entrepreneurial/innovation ecosystems.

Part 1: Performance, success and value in entrepreneurship: a women's perspective. Redefining success beyond economic growth and wealth generation: the case of Ethiopia / Atsede T. Hailemariam and Brigitte Kroon -- Value creation through women's entrepreneurship / Shandana Sheiikh, Shumaila Yousafzai, Federica Sist, Aybeniz Akdeniz AR and Saadat Saeed -- Stepping into power: women leaders and their journey of self-redefinition / Milka Milliance -- Part 2: Challenging the underperformance hypothesis and acknowledging the constrained performance of women entrepreneurs. Hitting the tip: is there a glass ceiling for high-growth women entrepreneurs? / Ruta Aidis -- Indigenous entrepreneurship: Maori female entrepreneurs in the tourism industry and constraints to their success / Alina Zapalska and Dallas Brozik -- Women entrepreneurs in South Africa: maintaining a balance between culture, personal life, and business / Bridget Irene -- HO w vague entrepreneurial identities of Swedish women entrepreneurs are performed by government financiers / Aija Voitkane, Jeaneth Johansson, Malin Malmstrom and Joakim Wincent -- Socially constructed masculine domination: officials' perception of female entrepreneurs in Kerala, India / Roshni Narendran -- Part 3: Overcoming constrained performance: facilitating women entrepreneurs. Exploring alternative gendered social structures within entrepreneurship education: notes from a women's -only enterprise programme in the United Kingdom / Monique Boddington and Shima Barakat -- Bridging the entrepreneurial gender gap through social protection among women small-scale traders in Kenya / Anne Kamau, Paul Kamau, Daniel Muia, Harun Baiya and Jane Ndung'u -- Challenges to the formalization of Palestinian female-owned home-based businesses / Grace Khoury, Wojdan Farraj and Suhail Sultan -- The influence of gender on social orientation and family-friendly policies in community-based enterprises in Brazil / Luisa Delgado-Marquez, Rachida Justo and Julio O. De Castro -- Part 4: Moving forward. Gender and business performance: the role of entrepreneurial segregation / Natalie Sappleton -- Still bringing up the rear: why women will always be 'Other' in entrepreneurship's masculine instrumental discourse / Joan Lockyer, Cherisse Hoyte and Sunita Dewitt

Purpose
Social entrepreneurship education (SEE) is gaining increasing attention globally. This paper aims to focus on how SEE may be better understood and reconfigured from a Bourdieusian capital perspective with an emphasis on the process of mobilising and transforming social entrepreneurs' cultural, social, economic and symbolic resources.


Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on qualitative research with a sample of social entrepreneurship educators and mentors, the authors generate insights into the significance of challenging assumptions and establishing values and principles and hence that of developing a range of capitals (using the Bourdieusian notion of capital) for SEE.


Findings
The findings highlight the significance of developing a range of capitals and their transformative power for SEE. In this way, learners can develop dispositions for certain forms of capitals over others and transform them to each other in becoming reflexive social agents.


Originality/value
The authors respond to the calls for critical thinking in entrepreneurship education and contribute to the field by developing a reflexive approach to SEE. The authors also make recommendations to educators, who are tasked with implementing such an approach in pursuit of raising the next generations of social entrepreneurs.

Welcome to entrepreneurship -- The entrepreneurial process -- The entrepreneurial content -- The entrepreneurial context