Suchergebnisse

Abstract. Subsidence is a natural hazard that affects wide areas in the world causing important economic costs annually. This phenomenon has occurred in the metropolitan area of Murcia City (SE Spain) as a result of groundwater overexploitation. In this work aquifer system subsidence is investigated using an advanced differential SAR interferometry remote sensing technique (A-DInSAR) called Stable Point Network (SPN). The SPN derived displacement results, mainly the velocity displacement maps and the time series of the displacement, reveal that in the period 2004–2008 the rate of subsidence in Murcia metropolitan area doubled with respect to the previous period from 1995 to 2005. The acceleration of the deformation phenomenon is explained by the drought period started in 2006. The comparison of the temporal evolution of the displacements measured with the extensometers and the SPN technique shows an average absolute error of 3.9±3.8 mm. Finally, results from a finite element model developed to simulate the recorded time history subsidence from known water table height changes compares well with the SPN displacement time series estimations. This result demonstrates the potential of A-DInSAR techniques to validate subsidence prediction models as an alternative to using instrumental ground based techniques for validation.

In this work, we report the optical properties of Nd3+ ions in tellurite glasses (TeO2-TiO2-Nb2O5) for two different Nd3+ concentrations. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were derived from the absorption spectrum and used to calculate the radiative lifetime and stimulated emission cross section of the transition. The non-exponential character of the decays from the 4F3/2 level and the reduction of the lifetime even at low temperature as Nd 3+ concentration increases reveal the presence of nonradiative processes. The time evolution of the decays from the 4F3/2 level is consistent with a dipole-dipole direct energy transfer mechanism. Upconversion processes that produce green, orange, and red emissions after infrared excitation in the 4F3/2 and 4F 5/2 levels have been investigated by using steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. The characteristics of the excitation spectra together with the temporal behaviour of the decays from the upconverted luminescence suggest that energy transfer upconversion processes are the dominant mechanisms in such emissions. © IOP Publishing Ltd. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Government (Ref.: MAT2005-06508-C02-02) and the Basque Country University (Ref.: UPV13525/2001). ; Peer Reviewed

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is an efficient method to evaluate excited-state properties of electron systems. However, it is not so well-known that it also provides a very accurate prescription to obtain correlation energies by using the so-called adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem (ACFDT). In this paper we present a detailed study of the ACFDT performance in bulk solids and jellium clusters. These results confirm the reliability of the ACFDT scheme and pave the way to future applications where standard implementations of the Kohn−Sham density functional theory dramatically fail, in particular to weakly bound systems and van der Waals complexes. ; This work has being funded by the EC Network of Excellence NANOQUANTA (ref NMP4-CT-2004-500198), the Spanish Ministry of Education (grant FIS2004-05035-C03-03), the SANES (ref NMP4-CT-2006-017310), DNA-NANODEVICES (ref IST-2006-029192), and NANO-ERA Chemistry projects, the University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV (SGIker Arina), and the Basque Country Government. The research by JJF and PGG is financed by the Juan de la Cierva and the Ramon y Cajal Programs, respectively. ; Peer reviewed

This is an open accBroderick, Avery E.; Gold, Roman; Karami, Mansour; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Tiede, Paul; Pu, Hung-Yi; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Baloković, Mislav; Barrett, John; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Boland, Wilfred; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Chael, Andrew; Chatterjee, Shami; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cho, Ilje; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Falcke, Heino; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gómez, José L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Jung, Taehyun; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Michael; Kramer, Carsten; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lee, Sang-Sung; Li, Yan-Rong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lindqvist, Michael; Lico, Rocco; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin; Lu, Ru-Sen; MacDonald, Nicholas R.; Mao, Jirong; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Menten, Karl M.; Mizuno, Yosuke; Mizuno, Izumi; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Park, Jongho; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Prather, Ben; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Rose, Mel; Rottmann, Helge; Ruszczyk, Chet; Ryan, Benjamin R.; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Arguelles, David; Sasada, Mahito; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Tazaki, Fumie; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Toma, Kenji; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trippe, Sascha; Tsuda, Shuichiro; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhao, Guangyao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Zhu, Ziyan; Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration ess article.-- Full list of authors: ; The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides the unprecedented ability to directly resolve the structure and dynamics of black hole emission regions on scales smaller than their horizons. This has the potential to critically probe the mechanisms by which black holes accrete and launch outflows, and the structure of supermassive black hole spacetimes. However, accessing this information is a formidable analysis challenge for two reasons. First, the EHT natively produces a variety of data types that encode information about the image structure in nontrivial ways; these are subject to a variety of systematic effects associated with very long baseline interferometry and are supplemented by a wide variety of auxiliary data on the primary EHT targets from decades of other observations. Second, models of the emission regions and their interaction with the black hole are complex, highly uncertain, and computationally expensive to construct. As a result, the scientific utilization of EHT observations requires a flexible, extensible, and powerful analysis framework. We present such a framework, Themis, which defines a set of interfaces between models, data, and sampling algorithms that facilitates future development. We describe the design and currently existing components of Themis, how Themis has been validated thus far, and present additional analyses made possible by Themis that illustrate its capabilities. Importantly, we demonstrate that Themis is able to reproduce prior EHT analyses, extend these, and do so in a computationally efficient manner that can efficiently exploit modern high-performance computing facilities. Themis has already been used extensively in the scientific analysis and interpretation of the first EHT observations of M87. © 2020. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. ; This work was made possible by the facilities of the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET: www.sharcnet.ca) and Compute/Calcul Canada (www.computecanada.ca). Computations were made on the supercomputer Mammouth Parallele 2 from University of Sherbrooke, managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada. The operation of this supercomputer is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the ministere de l'Economie, de la science et de l'innovation du Quebec (MESI), and the Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT). This work was supported in part by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade. A.E.B. thanks the Delaney Family for their generous financial support via the Delaney Family John A. Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute. A.E.B., P.T., and M.K. receive additional financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Discovery Grant. R.G. receives additional support from the ERC synergy grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" (grant No. 610058). We thank Jason Dexter for helpful comments and suggestions. We further thank the following organizations and programs: the Academy of Finland (projects 274477, 284495, 312496); the Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA (AENEAS) project, supported by the European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action under grant agreement 731016; the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung; Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, through grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the China Scholarship Council; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile, via PIA ACT172033, Fondecyt 1171506, BASAL AFB-170002, ALMA-conicyt 31140007); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico, projects 104497, 275201, 279006, 281692); the Delaney Family via the Delaney Family John A. Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM, project IN112417); the European Research Council Synergy Grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" (grant 610058); the Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant APOSTD/2018/177; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grants GBMF-3561, GBMF-5278); the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Napoli, iniziative specifiche TEONGRAV; the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne; the Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO); the Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellowship (JP17J08829); the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, grants QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008); the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship; the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CAS; the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (grants 18KK0090, JP18K13594, JP18K03656, JP18H03721, 18K03709, 18H01245, 25120007); the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds; the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-027, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119-M-001-020, and 107-2119-M-110-005); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant 80NSSC17K0649); the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant 2016YFA0400704, 2016YFA0400702); the National Science Foundation (NSF, grants AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST-0521233, AST-0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST-1126433, AST-1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST-1207730, AST-1207752, MRI-1228509, OPP-1248097, AST-1310896, AST-1337663, AST-1440254, AST-1555365, AST-1715061, AST-1615796, AST-1716327, OISE-1743747, AST-1816420); the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 11573051, 11633006, 11650110427, 10625314, 11721303, 11725312); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, including a Discovery Grant and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program); the National Youth Thousand Talents Program of China; the National Research Foundation of Korea (the Global PhD Fellowship Grant: grants NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, 2015-R1D1A1A01056807, the Korea Research Fellowship Program: NRF-2015H1D3A1066561); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award (grant 639.043. 513) and Spinoza Prize SPI 78-409; the New Scientific Frontiers with Precision Radio Interferometry Fellowship awarded by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of South Africa; the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) national infrastructure, for the provisioning of its facilities/observational support (OSO receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under grant 2017-00648) the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science); the Russian Science Foundation (grant 17-12-01029); the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (grants PGC2018-098915-B-C21, AYA2016-80889-P); the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709); the Toray Science Foundation; the US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE (Contract 89233218CNA000001)); the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001); the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 730562 RadioNet; ALMA North America Development Fund; the Academia Sinica; Chandra TM6-17006X. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF grants DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, and DBI-1743442. XSEDE Stampede2 resource at TACC was allocated through TG-AST170024 and TG-AST080026N. XSEDE JetStream resource at PTI and TACC was allocated through AST170028. The simulations were performed in part on the SuperMUC cluster at the LRZ in Garching, on the LOEWE cluster in CSC in Frankfurt, and on the HazelHen cluster at the HLRS in Stuttgart. ; Peer reviewed

The Danish government has set a target of 50% recycling rates for household waste by 2022. To achieve this goal, the Danish municipalities should increase the source separation of household waste. While significant knowledge and experiences were locally gained, lessons learnt have not been extensively exploited country-wise, an important reason being that the influence of these changes has not been rigorously investigated and quantified, meaning that generalized conclusions could not be drawn so far. One of the reasons is that a consistent calculation method to assess and document the effect of these projects on the recycling rates does not exist. Thus, compositional data analysis technique was applied to analyze consistently waste data. Based on the waste composition obtained from a recycling center in Denmark, we analyzed the composition of waste treatment and disposal options. Zero and non-zero pattern was used to describe historical changes in the definition and components of waste fractions. Variation array was applied to determine the relationship between waste treatment and disposal options. As a result, compositional data analysis technique enables to analyze waste data regardless of the unit (mass or percentage).

Abstract. The study of extreme events has become of great interest in recent years due to their direct impact on society. Extremes are usually evaluated by using extreme indicators, based on order statistics on the tail of the probability distribution function (typically percentiles). In this study, we focus on the tail of the distribution of daily maximum and minimum temperatures. For this purpose, we analyse high (95th) and low (5th) percentiles in daily maximum and minimum temperatures on the Iberian Peninsula, respectively, derived from different downscaling methods (statistical and dynamical). First, we analyse the performance of reanalysis-driven downscaling methods in present climate conditions. The comparison among the different methods is performed in terms of the bias of seasonal percentiles, considering as observations the public gridded data sets E-OBS and Spain02, and obtaining an estimation of both the mean and spatial percentile errors. Secondly, we analyse the increments of future percentile projections under the SRES A1B scenario and compare them with those corresponding to the mean temperature, showing that their relative importance depends on the method, and stressing the need to consider an ensemble of methodologies.

Abstract
Background
Mesoplastics (5–25 mm) and microplastics (0.001–5 mm) are emerging pollutants of great concern. However, reliable methods of monitoring these types of plastic in river ecosystems have not yet been established. The goal of this work was to evaluate, for the first time, the suitability of Fontinalis antipyretica as a biomonitor of meso- and micro-plastics in rivers. With this aim, native samples of the moss and devitalized moss clones, held inside the bags, were compared for the uptake of fluorescent polystyrene particles under laboratory conditions, and for retention of plastic debris in the field, in sites close to wastewater treatment plants.

Results
In the laboratory experiment, the moss retained smaller microplastics, and a higher number of polystyrene meso and microplastics was counted in the moss bags than in the native moss.
In the field study, the moss retained plastic debris chiefly in the form of fibres regardless of the capacity and flow rate of the wastewater treatment plants affecting each sampling site. The uniform morphology of moss clone seems to affect the retention of this type of pollutant. The FTIR analysis confirmed the particles entrapped by the moss bags as plastic, specifically polyethylene and polyamide type 6, among the most common plastic polymers detected in rivers.

Conclusions
The study findings highlighted the value of using uniform material, as the clone exhibited a greater accumulation efficiency with respect to the native moss. The mesh bags could act as selective filters and/or prevent the loss of adhering plastics. In the field, the bags favour plastic fibres retention despite the river flow. Finally, although FTIR is useful for the identification of plastic type, it is not very sensitive when small quantities of ground samples are used.

En la República Argentina la producción de carne ovina es impulsada por políticas del sector a fin de incrementar el volumen faenado y el consumo per cápita. Para certificar la inocuidad de estas carnes es indispensable la inspección sanitaria. En el post-mortem resulta imprescindible el examen de los nódulos linfáticos (NL) a fin de emitir un criterio sanitario sobre las reses inspeccionadas por parte del inspector veterinario en playa de faena frigorífica. Para ello, se identificó y describió forma, tamaño, situación, aferencias y eferencias de cada linfocentro. Para el estudio se utilizaron 8 ejemplares adultos de ambos sexos, a los cuales se les realizó eutanasia e inyección de tinta china a fin de que se visibilice el drenaje linfático para la ulterior disección. Se identificaron y describieron los linfocentros parietales externos del miembro pelviano, como ser los NL pre-femorales y NL poplíteos. Así mismo de igual manera se realizó con los linfocentros parietales internos del mismo miembro, estos fueron los NL retro-mamarios, NL inguinal superficial, NL isquiáticos, NL ilíacos externos, NL ilíacos internos y NL ilíacos medios. Los resultados obtenidos difieren en parte lo descrito por otros autores, debido principalmente a la inconstancia y a la no descripción de linfocentros por los mismos. No obstante, la descripción permitirá adecuar el sistema de inspección veterinaria post-mortem en playa de faena y de esta manera establecer los criterios sanitarios de reses faenadas e inspeccionadas. ; In Republic of Argentina, ovine meat production is driven by sector politics in order to increase the slaughtered volume and the per capita consumption. Sanitary inspection is essential to certify the meat's innocuousness. In the post-mortem, the lymph nodes (LN) examination is essential in order to establish sanitary criteria on the cattle that have been inspected by the veterinary inspector in the slaughterhouse. For this purpose, the shape, size, location, afferences and efferences of each lymphocenter were ...

This is the second of a series of two papers that deepen our understanding of the transversal structure and the properties of recollimation shocks of axisymmetric, relativistic, superfast magnetosonic, overpressured jets. They extend previous work that characterized these properties in connection with the dominant type of energy (internal, kinetic, or magnetic) in the jet to models with helical magnetic fields with larger magnetic pitch angles and force-free magnetic fields. In the first paper of this series, the magnetohydrodynamical models were computed following an approach that allows studying the structure of steady, axisymmetric, relativistic (magnetized) flows using one-dimensional time-dependent simulations. In this paper, synthetic radio images of the magnetohydrodynamical models are produced based on two different models to connect the thermal particle population, modeled by the hydrodynamical code, and the nonthermal particle population (added in post-processing) that causes the synchrotron radiation. The role of the magnetic tension and the Lorentz force in modeling the observational appearance of jets, namely the cross-section emission asymmetries, spine brightening, relative intensity of the knots, and polarized emission is analyzed. A cross-section emission asymmetry caused by a differential change in the angle between the helical magnetic field and the line of sight across the jet width is observed in all models and for both synchrotron emission approximations, as expected from a purely geometrical origin, for viewing angles < 10°. Models with the highest magnetizations and/or magnetic pitch angles lead to an uneven distribution of the internal energy as a consequence of the larger relative magnetic tension and radial Lorentz force, which translates into a spine brightening in the total and linearly polarized intensity maps. Force-free models display a distinct spine brightening that originates in the radial gradient of the axial magnetic field. Highly magnetized jets with large toroidal fields tend to have weaker shocks and correspondingly weaker radio knots. Signatures of this toroidal field can be found in the linearly polarized synchrotron emission for jets with large enough magnetic pitch angles and large enough viewing angles. © ESO 2021. ; AF and JLG acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants AYA2016-80889-P, PID2019-108995GB-C21), the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucía (grant P18-FR-1769), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (grant 2019AEP112), and the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). JMM and MP acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant AYA2016-77237-C3-3-P), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia (PID2019-107427GB-C33), and from the local Autonomous Government (Generalitat Valenciana, grant PROME-TEO/2019/071). JMM acknowledges further financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant PGC2018-095984-B-I00). MP acknowledges further financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia through grant PID2019-105510GB-C31. This research made use of Python (http://www.python.org), Numpy (van der Walt et al. 2011), Pandas (McKinney et al. 2010), and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). We also made use of Astropy (http://www.astropy.org), a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018). ; Peer reviewed

In Republic of Argentina, ovine meat production is driven by sector politics in order to increase the slaughtered volume and the per capita consumption. Sanitary inspection is essential to certify the meat's innocuousness. In the post-mortem, the lymph nodes (LN) examination is essential in order to establish sanitary criteria on the cattle that have been inspected by the veterinary inspector in the slaughterhouse. For this purpose, the shape, size, location, afferences and efferences of each lymphocenter were identified and described. For the study, 8 adult specimens of both sexes were used, which were euthanized and injected with chinese ink in order to visualize the lymphatic drainage for further dissection. The external parietal lymphocenters of the pelvic limb were identified and described, such as the pre-femoral and popliteal LN. The internal parietal lymphocenters of the same limb were also identified and described, such as retro mammary LN, superficial inguinal LN, ischial LN, external iliac LN, internal iliac LN and middle iliac LN. The obtained results differ in part from those described by other authors; this is mainly due to the inconstancy and lack of description of lymphocenters by them. Nevertheless, the description will allow adapting the post-mortem veterinary inspection system in slaughter beach and in this way to establish the sanitary criteria of slaughtered and inspected cattle. ; En la República Argentina la producción de carne ovina es impulsada por políticas del sector a fin de incrementar el volumen faenado y el consumo per cápita. Para certificar la inocuidad de estas carnes es indispensable la inspección sanitaria. En el post-mortem resulta imprescindible el examen de los nódulos linfáticos (NL) a fin de emitir un criterio sanitario sobre las reses inspeccionadas por parte del inspector veterinario en playa de faena frigorífica. Para ello, se identificó y describió forma, tamaño, situación, aferencias y eferencias de cada linfocentro. Para el estudio se utilizaron 8 ejemplares adultos de ambos sexos, a los cuales se les realizó eutanasia e inyección de tinta china a fin de que se visibilice el drenaje linfático para la ulterior disección. Se identificaron y describieron los linfocentros parietales externos del miembro pelviano, como ser los NL pre-femorales y NL poplíteos. Así mismo de igual manera se realizó con los linfocentros parietales internos del mismo miembro, estos fueron los NL retro-mamarios, NL inguinal superficial, NL isquiáticos, NL ilíacos externos, NL ilíacos internos y NL ilíacos medios. Los resultados obtenidos difieren en parte lo descrito por otros autores, debido principalmente a la inconstancia y a la no descripción de linfocentros por los mismos. No obstante, la descripción permitirá adecuar el sistema de inspección veterinaria post-mortem en playa de faena y de esta manera establecer los criterios sanitarios de reses faenadas e inspeccionadas.

[EN] We present new quantum codes with good parameters which are constructed from self-orthogonal algebraic geometry codes. Our method permits a wide class of curves to be used in the formation of these codes. These results demonstrate that there is a lot more scope for constructing self-orthogonal AG codes than was previously known. ; G. McGuire was partially supported by Science Foundation Ireland Grant 13/IA/1914. The remainder authors were partially supported by the Spanish Government and the EU funding program FEDER, Grants MTM2015-65764-C3-2-P and PGC2018-096446-B-C22. F. Hernando and J. J. Moyano-Fernandez are also partially supported by Universitat Jaume I, Grant UJI-B2018-10. ; Hernando, F.; Mcguire, G.; Monserrat Delpalillo, FJ.; Moyano-Fernández, JJ. (2020). Quantum codes from a new construction of self-orthogonal algebraic geometry codes. Quantum Information Processing. 19(4):1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-020-2616-8 ; S ; 1 ; 25 ; 19 ; 4 ; Abhyankar, S.S.: Irreducibility criterion for germs of analytic functions of two complex variables. Adv. Math. 74, 190–257 (1989) ; Abhyankar, S.S.: Algebraic Geometry for Scientists and Engineers. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, American Mathematical Society, Providence (1990) ; Ashikhmin, A., Barg, A., Knill, E., Litsyn, S.: Quantum error-detection I: statement of the problem. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46, 778–788 (2000) ; Ashikhmin, A., Barg, A., Knill, E., Litsyn, S.: Quantum error-detection II: bounds. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46, 789–800 (2000) ; Ashikhmin, A., Knill, E.: Non-binary quantum stabilizer codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 47, 3065–3072 (2001) ; Bosma, W., Cannon, J., Playoust, C.: The Magma algebra system. I. The user language. J. Symb. Comput. 24, 235–265 (1997) ; Bierbrauer, J., Edel, Y.: Quantum twisted codes. J. Comb. Des. 8, 174–188 (2000) ; Calderbank, A.R., Rains, E.M., Shor, P.W., Sloane, N.J.A.: Quantum error correction and orthogonal geometry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 405–409 (1997) ; Calderbank, A.R., Shor, P.W.: Good quantum ...

All authors: Psaltis, Dimitrios; Medeiros, Lia; Christian, Pierre; Özel, Feryal; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Ball, David; Baloković, Mislav; Barrett, John; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Boland, Wilfred; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Shami; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cho, Ilje; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Eatough, Ralph P.; Falcke, Heino; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gómez, José L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Junhan; Kim, Jongsoo; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Michael; Kramer, Carsten; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Sang-Sung; Li, Yan-Rong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lindqvist, Michael; Lico, Rocco; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Lonsdale, Colin; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Mizuno, Yosuke; Mizuno, Izumi; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Musoke, Gibwa; Mus Mejías, Alejandro; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Neri, Roberto; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Park, Jongho; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Rose, Mel; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruszczyk, Chet; Ryan, Benjamin R.; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Arguelles, David; Sasada, Mahito; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Tazaki, Fumie; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Trent, Tyler; Traianou, Efthalia; Trippe, Sascha; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Wardle, John; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zhao, Shan-Shan; EHT Collaboration ; The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational test of the black-hole metric in the strong-field regime. We show analytically that spacetimes that deviate from the Kerr metric but satisfy weak-field tests can lead to large deviations in the predicted black-hole shadows that are inconsistent with even the current EHT measurements. We use numerical calculations of regular, parametric, non-Kerr metrics to identify the common characteristic among these different parametrizations that control the predicted shadow size. We show that the shadow-size measurements place significant constraints on deviation parameters that control the second post-Newtonian and higher orders of each metric and are, therefore, inaccessible to weak-field tests. The new constraints are complementary to those imposed by observations of gravitational waves from stellar-mass sources. © 2020 American Physical Society. ; The authors of the present paper thank the following organizations and programs: the Academy of Finland (Projects No. 274477, No. 284495, No. 312496); the Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA (AENEAS) project, supported by the European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action under Grant Agreement No. 731016; the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung; the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, through a grant (No. 60477) from the John Templeton Foundation; the China Scholarship Council; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile, via PIA ACT172033, Fondecyt Projects No. 1171506 and No. 3190878, BASAL AFB-170002, ALMA-conicyt 31140007); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico, Projects No. 104497, No. 275201, No. 279006, No. 281692); the Delaney Family via the Delaney Family John A. Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM, project IN112417); the European Research Council Synergy Grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" (Grant No. 610058); the Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant APOSTD/2018/177 and GenT Program (project CIDEGENT/2018/021); the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grants No. GBMF-3561, No. GBMF-5278); the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Napoli, iniziative specifiche TEONGRAV; the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne; the Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO); the Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho:MEXT) Scholarship; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellowship (JP17J08829); the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, Grants No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, No. QYZDJSSW-SYS008, No. ZDBS-LY-SLH011); the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship; the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CAS; the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (Grants No. 18KK0090, No. JP18K13594, No. JP18K03656, No. JP18H03721, No. 18K03709, No. 18H01245, No. 25120007); the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds; the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-027, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119-M-001-020, and 107-2119-M-110-005); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator Grant No. 80NSSC17K0649 and Hubble Fellowship Grant No. HST-HF2-51431.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under Contract No. NAS5-26555); the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants No. 2016YFA0400704, No. 2016YFA0400702); the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grants No. AST-0096454, No. AST-0352953, No. AST-0521233, No. AST-0705062, No. AST0905844, No. AST-0922984, No. AST-1126433, No. AST-1140030, No. DGE-1144085, No. AST-1207704, No. AST-1207730, No. AST-1207752, No. MRI-1228509, No. OPP-1248097, No. AST-1310896, No. AST-1312651, No. AST-1337663, No. AST-1440254, No. AST-1555365, No. AST-1715061, No. AST-1615796, No. AST-1716327, No. OISE-1743747, No. AST-1816420); the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11573051, No. 11633006, No. 11650110427, No. 10625314, No. 11721303, No. 11725312, No. 11933007); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, including a Discovery Grant and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program); the National Youth Thousand Talents Program of China; the National Research Foundation of Korea (the Global PhD Fellowship Grant: Grants No. NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, No. 2015-R1D1A1A01056807, the Korea Research Fellowship Program: NRF-2015H1D3A1066561); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award (Grant No. 639.043.513) and Spinoza Prize SPI 78-409; the New Scientific Frontiers with Precision Radio Interferometry Fellowship awarded by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of South Africa; the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) national infrastructure, for the provisioning of its facilities/observational support (OSO receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under Grant No. 2017-00648) the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science); the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 17-12-01029); the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grants No. AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P, No. AYA2016-80889-P, No. PID2019-108995GB-C21); the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709); the Toray Science Foundation; the Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia (Grant No. P18-FR-1769), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Grant No. 2019AEP112); the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory [operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. DOE (Contract No. 89233218CNA000001)]; the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001); the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 730562 RadioNet; ALMA North America Development Fund; the Academia Sinica;Chandra TM6-17006X; the GenT Program (Generalitat Valenciana) Project CIDEGENT/2018/021. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF Grant No. ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF Grants No. DBI-0735191, No. DBI-1265383, and No. DBI-1743442. We thank the staff at the participating observatories, correlation centers, and institutions for their enthusiastic support. ALMA is a partnership of the European Southern Observatory (ESO; Europe, representing its member states), NSF, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan, together with National Research Council (Canada), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST; Taiwan), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA; Taiwan), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI; Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI)/NRAO, and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). The NRAO is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by AUI. APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie (Germany), ESO, and the Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden). The SMA is a joint project between the SAO and ASIAA and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the NAOJ, ASIAA, and KASI, as well as the Ministry of Finance of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Key R&D Program (No. 2017YFA0402700) of China. Additional funding support for the JCMT is provided by the Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) and participating universities in the UK and Canada. The LMT is a project operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica, y Electronica (Mexico) and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). The IRAM 30-m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain, is operated by IRAM and supported by CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), MPG (Max-PlanckGesellschaft, Germany) and IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain). The SMT is operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory, a part of the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona, with financial support of operations from the State of Arizona and financial support for instrumentation development from the NSF. The SPT is supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY1125897 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. GBMF 947. The SPT hydrogen maser was provided on loan from the GLT, courtesy of ASIAA. The EHTC has received generous donations of FPGA chips from Xilinx Inc., under the Xilinx University Program. The EHTC has benefited from technology shared under open-source license by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER). The EHT project is grateful to T4Science and Microsemi for their assistance with hydrogen masers. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the extended staff of the ALMA, both from the inception of the ALMA Phasing Project through the observational campaigns of 2017 and 2018. We would like to thank A. Deller and W. Brisken for EHT-specific support with the use of DiFX. We acknowledge the significance that Maunakea, where the SMA and JCMT EHT stations are located, has for the indigenous Hawaiian people.

Fire danger indices are descriptors of fire potential in a large area, and combine a few variables that affect the initiation, spread and control of forest fires. The Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) is one of the most widely used fire danger indices in the world, and it is built upon instantaneous values of temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity at noon, together with 24 hourly accumulated precipitation. However, the scarcity of appropriate data has motivated the use of daily mean values as surrogates of the instantaneous ones in several studies that aimed to assess the impact of global warming on fire. In this paper we test the sensitivity of FWI values to both instantaneous and daily mean values, analyzing their effect on mean seasonal fire danger (seasonal severity rating, SSR) and extreme fire danger conditions (90th percentile, FWI90, and FWI>30, FOT30), with a special focus on its influence in climate change impact studies. To this aim, we analyzed reanalysis and regional climate model (RCM) simulations, and compared the resulting instantaneous and daily mean versions both in the present climate and in a future scenario. In particular, we were interested in determining the effect of these datasets on the projected changes obtained for the mean and extreme seasonal fire danger conditions in future climate scenarios, as given by a RCM. Overall, our results warn against the use of daily mean data for the computation of present and future fire danger conditions. Daily mean data lead to systematic negative biases of fire danger calculations. Although the mean seasonal fire danger indices might be corrected to compensate for this bias, fire danger extremes (FWI90 and specially FOT30) cannot be reliably transformed to accommodate the spatial pattern and magnitude of their respective instantaneous versions, leading to inconsistent results when projected into the future. As a result, we advocate caution when using daily mean data and strongly recommend the application of the standard definition for its calculation as closely as possible. Threshold-dependent indices derived from FWI are not reliably represented by the daily mean version and thus can neither be applied for the estimation of future fire danger season length and severity, nor for the estimation of future extreme events. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 243888 (FUME Project). J.F. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish R&D&I programme through grant CGL2010-22158-C02 (CORWES project). ; Peer Reviewed