What a difference two years make: patterns of radicalization in a Philippine jail
In: Dynamics of asymmetric conflict, Band 9, Heft 1-3, S. 13-36
ISSN: 1746-7594
36 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Dynamics of asymmetric conflict, Band 9, Heft 1-3, S. 13-36
ISSN: 1746-7594
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 39, Heft 3, S. 539-556
ISSN: 1467-9221
Deradicalization of terrorists constitutes a critical component of the global "war on terror." Unfortunately, little is known about deradicalization programs, and evidence for their effectiveness is derived solely from expert impressions and potentially flawed recidivism rates. We present the first empirical assessment of one such program: the Sri Lankan rehabilitation program for former members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (a terrorist organization that operated in Sri Lanka until their defeat in 2009). We offer evidence that deradicalization efforts that provided beneficiaries with sustained mechanisms for earning personal significance significantly reduced extremism after 1 year (Study 1). We also found that upon release, beneficiaries expressed lower levels of extremism than their counterparts in the community (Study 2). These findings highlight the critical role of personal significance in deradicalization efforts, offer insights into the workings of deradicalization, and suggest practical methods for improving deradicalization programs worldwide.
Prejudiced attitudes and political nationalism vary widely around the world, but there has been little research on what predicts this variation. Here we examine the ecological and cultural factors underlying the worldwide distribution of prejudice. We suggest that cultures grow more prejudiced when they tighten cultural norms in response to destabilizing ecological threats. A set of seven archival analyses, surveys, and experiments (∑N = 3,986,402) find that nations, American states, and pre-industrial societies with tighter cultural norms show the most prejudice based on skin color, religion, nationality, and sexuality, and that tightness predicts why prejudice is often highest in areas of the world with histories of ecological threat. People's support for cultural tightness also mediates the link between perceived ecological threat and intentions to vote for nationalist politicians. Results replicate when controlling for economic development, inequality, conservatism, residential mobility, and shared cultural heritage. These findings offer a cultural evolutionary perspective on prejudice, with implications for immigration, intercultural conflict, and radicalization. ; publishedVersion
BASE
In: PsyCorona Collaboration , Schumpe , B M , Van Lissa , C J , Bélanger , J J , Ruggeri , K , Mierau , J , Nisa , C F , Molinario , E , Gelfand , M J , Stroebe , W , Agostini , M , Gützkow , B , Jeronimus , B F , Kreienkamp , J , Kutlaca , M , Lemay , E P , Reitsema , A M , vanDellen , M R , Abakoumkin , G , Abdul Khaiyom , J H , Ahmedi , V , Akkas , H , Almenara , C A , Atta , M , Bagci , S C , Basel , S , Berisha Kida , E , Bernardo , A B I , Buttrick , N R , Chobthamkit , P , Choi , H-S , Cristea , M , Csaba , S , Damnjanović , K , Danyliuk , I , Dash , A , Di Santo , D , Douglas , K M , Enea , V , Faller , D , Koc , Y , Krause , J , Martinez , A P , Myroniuk , S , Nyúl , B , Ryan , M K , Sasin , E , Sultana , S , van Breen , J A , Van Veen , K & Leander , N P 2022 , ' Predictors of adherence to public health behaviors for fighting COVID-19 derived from longitudinal data ' , Scientific Reports , vol. 12 , no. 1 , 3824 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04703-9 ; ISSN:2045-2322
The present paper examines longitudinally how subjective perceptions about COVID-19, one's community, and the government predict adherence to public health measures to reduce the spread of the virus. Using an international survey (N = 3040), we test how infection risk perception, trust in the governmental response and communications about COVID-19, conspiracy beliefs, social norms on distancing, tightness of culture, and community punishment predict various containment-related attitudes and behavior. Autoregressive analyses indicate that, at the personal level, personal hygiene behavior was predicted by personal infection risk perception. At social level, social distancing behaviors such as abstaining from face-to-face contact were predicted by perceived social norms. Support for behavioral mandates was predicted by confidence in the government and cultural tightness, whereas support for anti-lockdown protests was predicted by (lower) perceived clarity of communication about the virus. Results are discussed in light of policy implications and creating effective interventions.
BASE
The present paper examines longitudinally how subjective perceptions about COVID-19, one's community, and the government predict adherence to public health measures to reduce the spread of the virus. Using an international survey (N = 3040), we test how infection risk perception, trust in the governmental response and communications about COVID-19, conspiracy beliefs, social norms on distancing, tightness of culture, and community punishment predict various containment-related attitudes and behavior. Autoregressive analyses indicate that, at the personal level, personal hygiene behavior was predicted by personal infection risk perception. At social level, social distancing behaviors such as abstaining from face-to-face contact were predicted by perceived social norms. Support for behavioral mandates was predicted by confidence in the government and cultural tightness, whereas support for anti-lockdown protests was predicted by (lower) perceived clarity of communication about the virus. Results are discussed in light of policy implications and creating effective interventions.
BASE
Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated selfreported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
BASE