Suchergebnisse

Die laufenden internationalen Verhandlungen zu zukünftigen Emissionsminderungsverpflichtungen bieten neue Ansatzpunkte, um den Landnutzungssektor einfacher, umfassender und effizienter in ein neues Klimaschutzabkommen zu integrieren. Dabei sollten verstärkt andere Funktionen der Biosphäre, wie z.B. Biodiversität, Ernährungssicherheit und nachhaltige Nutzung berücksichtigt werden. Die Landnutzung kann einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten, um das Ziel der Klimarahmenkonvention zu erreichen und gefährlichen Klimawandel verhindern helfen.

Sustainable development requires that the climate system be stabilised between 1.5°C and 2°C of average global warming. This necessitates a drastic reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. Developing countries and emerging economies are increasingly the focus here. These nations already account for two-thirds of global emissions.Failure to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement would ultimately undermine the achievement of just and sustainable global development that leaves no one behind. A development-oriented strategy that achieves the necessary reduction in emissions requires both climate change mitigation and development cooperation across policy fields. Tackling the now unavoidable impacts of climate change must also include matters related to land use, marine conservation and global trade. The Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provide the necessary objectives and normative foundation for political action. Consistently implementing the objectives of both agendas is the key challenge for international policymakers, global corporations and for communities. In this context, it is necessary to keep all countries and population groups in view, aligning with the requirement of leaving no one behind. In addition to overarching approaches, individual action areas at the interface between climate policy and sustainable development are highly relevant. The most notable of these action areas are global energy production, the political design of urbanisation, sustainable agriculture, forest and ecosystem conservation, and the management of global freshwater resources. There are already many vantage points for international climate cooperation with developing and emerging countries. Their central role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement can therefore be strengthened in a sustainable manner. Provided the political will is there on the part of the partner countries and the respective national frameworks are created, the above mentioned action areas offer numerous options for intervention. This could effectively leverage the potential and experience of agents of international cooperation. The recommendations of the authors serve as examples and are spelled out in detail in the presented study.

Nachhaltige Entwicklung bedarf einer Stabilisierung des Klimasystems zwischen 1,5°C und maximal 2°C durchschnittlicher globaler Erwärmung. Dies erfordert eine drastische Minderung der globalen Treibhausgasemissionen. Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer stehen hierbei zunehmend im Vordergrund, da sie schon heute zwei Drittel der globalen Emissionen verantworten. Werden die Ziele des Pariser Abkommens verfehlt, bleibt auch eine gerechte und nachhaltige globale Entwicklung, die niemanden zurücklässt, auf Dauer unerreichbar. Ein entwicklungsorientierter Umgang mit der Notwendigkeit drastischer Emissionsminderungen und mit den nicht mehr zu verhindernden Auswirkungen des Klimawandels erfordert eine enge und Politikfelder übergreifende Verzahnung klima- und entwicklungspolitischer Ansätze, einschließlich Landnutzung, Meeresschutz und Welthandel. Das Pariser Abkommen und die Agenda 2030 für Nachhaltige Entwicklung bieten die notwendigen politischen Handlungsgrundlagen und Zielvorgaben. Ihre konsequente Umsetzung ist die zentrale Herausforderung der Gegenwart, der sich Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft weltweit stellen müssen. Dabei sind alle Länder und Bevölkerungsgruppen im Blick zu behalten: niemand darf zurückgelassen werden ("leave no one behind").Neben übergreifenden Ansätzen sind einzelne Handlungsfelder an der Schnittstelle von Klimapolitik und nachhaltiger Entwicklung von herausragender Relevanz. Zu diesen sektorspezifischen Handlungsfeldern zählen insbesondere die weltweite Stromerzeugung, die politische Gestaltung der Urbanisierung, die Sicherung der Welternährung, der Schutz von Wäldern und Ökosystemen und der Umgang mit den weltweiten Süßwasservorkommen. Es gibt bereits vielfältige Ansatzpunkte für die internationale Klimakooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. Ihre zentrale Rolle für die Erreichung der Ziele des Pariser Abkommens kann dadurch nachhaltig gestärkt werden. Soweit der politische Wille gegeben ist und förderliche Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden können, bieten speziell die oben genannten Handlungsfelder eine Vielzahl von Interventionsmöglichkeiten, um die Potenziale und Erfahrungen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit wirkungsvoll einsetzen zu können. Die Empfehlungen der Autor*innen sind dafür exemplarisch und werden in der vorliegenden Studie detailliert ausgeführt und begründet.

Under the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities," (Article 3.1 of the ⁠UNFCCC⁠) non-Annex I parties have so far been exempted from emission limitation or reduction commitments. However, the pressure is mounting on those countries, especiallymajor emitting developing countries, to contribute actively to the mitigation of climate change. Participation by these developing countries in a future international climate regime is oftencalled for, but it is usually unclear how and how much these countries should participate, what kind of support they need and in which sectors. This project aims to provide a more detailed view on six countries to understand how they could best make a contribution to the regime and how they could best be supported in limiting their greenhouse gas emissions.

AbstractAs countries negotiate a new climate agreement for the United Nations climate conference in December 2015, a groundswell of climate actions is emerging as cities, regions, businesses and civil society groups act on mitigation and adaptation, independently, with each other and with national governments and international organizations. The Paris conference provides a historic opportunity to establish a framework to catalyse, support, and steer these initiatives. Without such a framework, 'bottom‐up' climate governance runs the risk of failing to deliver meaningful results. Social science research highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that promotes ambition, experimentation and accountability, and avoids unnecessary overlaps. This article specifies functions and design principles for a new, comprehensive framework for sub‐ and nonstate climate actions that could provide effective coordination.

As part of the Paris Agreement, countries are mandated to update and enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) every five years — increasing their ambition with every cycle. The first round of NDCs were submitted starting in 2015 as intended nationally determined contributions and countries have submitted or are finalizing their updates for the new cycle in 2020/2021. The purpose of this project was to develop a methodology to systematically assess the design of NDCs and to apply it to 20 NDCs. While there are several tools that analyse NDCs, they are comprehensive, concise, replicable and comparable to a varying degree. Our methodology aims to fill a gap by addressing those criteria and providing new insights into the design of NDCs. We evaluate the NDCs along key elements that are critical for the success of the NDC ambition cycle: 1. Increased mitigation ambition; 2. Comprehensiveness; 3. Implementation plan; and 4. Transparency. We have applied this methodology to 20 NDCs with the aim to include a diversity of geographic contexts as well as NDCs with different emphasis, target types, and approaches to climate change mitigation. The analysis shows that the selected countries fare generally well on comprehensiveness and transparency in their new NDCs. The rules under the Paris Agreement on what to include in the NDC and how to describe it show a positive effect; most countries provide the information necessary according to the rules. However, the elements that are critical for the success of the ambition cycle, i.e. raising ambition in each round and having a plan to implement the targets, are only partially covered by many countries. Of the analysed NDCs, less than half showed higher mitigation ambition compared to their first NDC. Many targets remained unchanged or were found to be less ambitious due to changes in parameters such as baseline emissions. Many countries lack a clear implementation plan for the targets: In many cases measures have not yet been included in national legislation, but preparations are underway especially for those countries that increased their targets. Currently, governments can make their NDCs "look good" by fulfilling all requirements on comprehensiveness and transparency, but only a deeper analysis reveals that their NDCs are not more ambitious or lack an implementation plan. To uncover such deficiencies and to make the ambition cycle of the Paris Agreement a success, a careful checking of NDCs is necessary.