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The author's intention is to access the impact that diasporas have on world politics. The notion "diaspora" implies a transnational migrant community, which maintains material and emotional bonds with territory of origin and simultaneously adapts to limitations and possibilities of host society. The emotional component of a community entails psychosocial complex that includes the group solidarity and certain myths about the territory of origin. Taking into account the specifics of a given community, diasporas meet in general all the requirements of a non-state actor that have been elaborated in the current studies on the world politics. In particular, a diasporas exist independently and participates in the transnational interactions. Moreover, there are several situations which enhance diaspora's ability to interfere. These situations may include the unsatisfactory status of the given community, migrants' desire to improve certain political or economic conditions in the territory of origin, the prerequisites for changes in the relationships between the hostland and the homeland, urgent crises in the country of origin. In addition, diasporal influence depends on demographic and geographic characteristics of the particular community. Diasporas achieve their goals on global, regional and national levels mainly by influencing state's institutions. However, some developments have been evolved that can facilitate a substantive diasporas' involvement in the world political processes, involvement without dependence on state's capabilities. Elite of the community plays a crucial role in the resource management. The elite presents "the controlling centre" that forges a strategy of action and makes transactions of resources. Stability within "the controlling centre" can be named as an indicator of diaspora's ability to manage the potential available.

Evolutional development of European Union in dimension of institutional and procedures tendencies was building from Maastricht to Lisbon Treaties with due regard to overnational as well as to democratic norms which were coordinated with centralistic foundation of their functioning. Noted tendencies have acquired a special significance for Ukraine intended to realize integration policy in combination with overcoming its complicated internal problems. Among such problems – separateness of Ukrainian society which may be get over by respecting a number of factors of EU development as valuable orientations for Ukraine. These are: Civilization factor. Democratic norms of social life of EU surmise respectful attitude to national tendencies of Ukraine as important condition for consolidation of society regarding common valuable foundations. Institutional and judicial factors. The tendency of supporting sovereignty, national interests of countries-members of EU creates a basis for completing a process of forming of Ukrainian political nation as a feature of statehood and sovereignty of the country. The factor of security. Common policy of security and defense of the countriesmembers of EU supposes (as a perspective) strengthening of defense capability of the country under depolitization of idea of collective security as an important condition for unification of Ukrainian society. Economic factor. Reaching the standards of countries-members of EU may become one of the most important prerequisite of realization of national idea of stable, united, sovereign Ukraine. The factor of evolutional development. The tendency of continuity, stage character of integration character within EU creates possibility for reaching community of interests of Ukrainian people as condition for overcoming internal problems and getting socio-economic and political standards of EU. ; Стаття спрямована на розгляд інституційного й процесуального розвитку ЄС від Маастрихтської до Лісабонської угоди із визначенням централістських і демократичних тенденцій Союзу, з одного боку, а з іншого – аналізу відповідності цих тенденцій національним інтересам України у вимірі внутрішніх суспільно-політичних проблем і перспектив інтеграційної політики країни.

The recent AIDS-related death of a friend forced Dr. Iain Mackie to think about the disease and the lack of positive news about it. Despite a flood of recent studies that brought pessimistic news about the treatments now in use, Mackie tries to remain optimistic. "I may be treating only myself as I feed off the politics of optimism," he says, "but at least I will not be feeding off the politics of despair." The article appears as Canada marks another National AIDS Week Oct. 2-8.

The approach adopted towards environmental management in the rural context is different from that in the urban context in that the first is generally based on voluntary controls accompanied by compensation, whereas the second is based on involuntary controls without compensation. The arguments relating to the payment of compensation are examined with the use of management agreements on Sites of Special Scientific Interest taken as an example. Criteria for determining whether or not compensation is paid may be based on arguments concerning efficiency or fairness. Standard Pareto measures of efficiency cannot determine whether or not compensation should be paid. The basis on which compensation is paid can create incentives, either for occupiers to take preemptive action and extinguish conservation values or for them to make claims for excess compensation. The payment of compensation by the state may provide an incentive for the efficient allocation of resources, but this will not be so if it is based on the financial cost rather than the opportunity cost. Any approach to compensation is based upon a reference point which indicates the level of environmental quality which is expected to be achieved by a land manager. But this point is not immutable and could shift towards an expectation of a higher level of environmental management. There is no single level of compensation which can simultaneously provide appropriate incentives both to the farmer and to the state. A possible resolution would be for the conservation agency to pay only the proportion of the compensation payment which represents the resource cost.