Suchergebnisse

In the early-1980s, the US Congress and many state legislatures passed a wave of "hate crime" laws requiring the collection of statistics on, and enhancing punishments for, crimes motivated by certain prejudices. This book places the evolution of the hate crime concept in socio-legal perspective

A criminal conviction, if widely known, constitutes a life-long stigma that limits the convicted person's employment and other opportunities. European countries, including Spain, recognizing an individual right of informational privacy and a societal interest in limiting recidivism, sharply restrict the dissemination of individual criminal history information. By contrast, the USA, in accordance with its commitments to judicial transparency, free speech and the individual's right of self protection, allows (and even promotes) extensive dissemination of individual criminal history information. This article compares the profoundly different policies on providing public access to individual criminal history information in Spain and the USA, illuminating the cultural and legal values behind each country's policies and the tensions both countries encounter in attempting to reconcile these policies with other socio-political values and goals.

The federal government first began to support vocational education with the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917. Its passage was controversial since there was considerable opposition to a federal role in education, which was a state responsibility. Since that time, the federal government has had constant involvement with vocational education through Smith-Hughes and its successor acts, including the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, which is currently in effect. As recent legislation has primarily focused on supporting academic achievement, it is as yet unclear what the federal government's approach toward vocational education will be.

The development of the US anticorruption project is studied within the context of contemporary New York City. Four periods of corruption control in US history since the late 19th century are identified. Various sectors & elements in New York City that have been affected by anticorruption movements include civil service, protection for whistleblowers, & auditing. Several aspects of the anticorruption project that have degraded the functioning of local government agencies are noted, eg, increasing the problems faced by public agencies that wish to collaborate with nongovernmental organizations. Multiple recommendations for improving contemporary corruption control movements are offered, encouraging greater civic involvement in public administration. J. W. Parker