Suchergebnisse

ObjectivesScholars have noted a gap in extracurricular (EC) participation between Hispanic students and other students. But why exactly does this gap exist? We consider four possible explanations: parental awareness, financial resources, family obligations, and access to EC activities.MethodsTo test these possible explanations for the EC participation gap, we use data on middle school participation in EC activities from Tulsa, Oklahoma. We fit a series of ordinary least squares models to analyze membership in EC activities across seven activity types for 381 Hispanic and 447 white students in Tulsa, Oklahoma. We also investigate whether EC activity predicts academic outcomes in middle school.ResultsParental awareness is the dominant predictor of EC activity. EC activity also has positive effects on math test scores, math and reading grades, and overall grade point average, even after controlling for early academic success.ConclusionsThe key to narrowing the Hispanic‐white EC participation gap would seem to be greater parental awareness of the value of EC activities as well as practical steps that might be taken to enlist children in such activities.

Das Buch liefert einen Überblick über die Zukunftsfragen des deutschen Steuerrechts und über mögliche Entwicklungslinien. Im Einzelnen werden die Zukunft des deutschen Steuerverfahrens, die Wirkung von EG-Grundrechten, Möglichkeiten zur Missbrauchsbekämpfung, Steuerwettbewerbsfragen sowie weitere verfassungs- und europarechtliche Fragen behandelt. Gegenstand ist der Gestaltungsspielraum des deutschen Gesetzgebers mit Beispielen aus dem Umsatzsteuerrecht, Erbrecht, der Verlustberücksichtigung und Sonderregelungen wie der Zinsschranke.

Research indicates that fundraising is not an impediment to women candidates because women raise just as much money as men after accounting for seat status. However, previous research focuses solely on general election candidates. By examining both primary and general election candidates, we find both gender and partisan differences in fundraising. While incumbency, competitiveness, and candidate quality predict fundraising in the general election, we show that Democratic women raise more money than their male counterparts in the primary election. However, Republican women do not enjoy greater fundraising success compared with their male counterparts, and in limited cases, being a Republican woman can be an obstacle to fundraising in the primary election.

In 2001, 30 police officers and public safety dispatchers for Jackson, Mississippi, filed suit against the city, alleging they had been discriminated against because of age by the city's new performance pay plan. The city claimed its new performance pay plan was enacted to attract new police officers and to make the city's pay for all officers more competitive with comparable markets. Among their allegations, the officers claim that the city violated the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) because officers aged 40 and older received proportionately smaller pay increases. The question before the U.S. Supreme Court was whether an employer's neutral policy or practice can constitute a violation of the ADEA if it causes a disparate impact on older workers. The Supreme Court held that neutral employment practices causing a disparate impact on older workers might constitute a violation of the ADEA. However, the Court held that plaintiffs alleging such a claim not only have to show a statistical disparity disfavoring older workers but must also specifically identify the particular practice within the employer's decision-making process that caused the statistical disparity. Employers can defend such claims by showing the practice in question is based on a "reasonable" factor other than age. Although the Supreme Court found that the officers could bring a disparate impact claim under the ADEA, the Court held that the officers' claim failed. In dismissing the disparate impact claim, the Court said that the officers had failed to identify a specific practice within the new pay plan that caused the alleged age discrimination. The Court further held that the city's purpose behind the pay plan-making officers' compensation competitive with comparable jurisdictions-was "reasonable."

This article discusses the role of a social worker in a dental school based program for the developmentally disabled. Developmentally disabled people constitute a heterogeneous population with problems that often prevent them from receiving appropriate dental services. A social worker In the dental care setting can help this population access dental services. Data gathered during a 2‐year period support the hypothesis that patients living at home present more obstacles to dental care and require more social work intervention in obtaining dental care than patients living in residential settings.

Gesellschaftliche Strukturen als Rahmenbedingungen der Sozialen Arbeit -- Diskurse, Bilder und Konstruktionen von Normalität -- Subjektorientierte Positionierungen in gesellschaftlichen Diskursen und Identitätskonstruktionen -- Das Subjekt in gesellschaftlichen Macht-Strukturen.