Suchergebnisse

Research in southern Mexico indicates that there is a general exception to Foster's Image of Limited Good, in Mexican peasant world view. The limited good concept holds that all desirable material and non‐material entities are seen as existing in finite amounts which cannot be augmented. In such communities, however, it is implicitly assumed that one can experience intensified desirable emotions without necessarily suffering a loss in some other area of life, as is implied by the Image of Limited Good.

This book analyses the prohibition of propaganda for war in international law and examines the potential of international law to prevent war by proposing that 'direct and public incitement to aggression' be included as a crime in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

The growing influence of social media in an era of media fragmentation has amplified concerns of political polarization. Yet relatively few studies have analyzed polarization in user networks over time. This study therefore examines change in network polarization on Twitter during a highly contested general election. Using Twitter's REST API, user networks of 3000 randomly selected followers of well-known partisan and entertainment-oriented accounts were recorded 17 times in the 7 months leading up to the 2016 general election. Results suggest that partisan users form highly partisan networks on Twitter, while moderate, or less engaged, users continue to mostly avoid politics.

Communication and media research lacks an accessible and systematic approach to measuring political partisanship in decentralized media environments. In this dissertation, a network-based measurement of partisanship is proposed and then used to analyze social media users during a highly contentious general election. Study I (Chapter 2) introduces rtweet, a newly developed open-source software package designed to collect Twitter data. Study II (Chapter 3) then uses rtweet to gather publicly available Twitter data and demonstrate a network-based approach to estimating partisanship. Finally, Study 3 (Chapter 4) extends this network-based approach to analyze change over time in network polarization among partisan and non-partisan users during the 2016 general election. Results showcase the range and validity of network-based estimates of partisanship and provide clear evidence of partisan selective exposure and network polarization on Twitter as proximity to the election increases.

This paper considers the war crime at Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute, 'the transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies', by addressing the doctrinal elements of the provision in light of the impact which the practice of transfer of Israeli civilians into occupied territory has had on the application of the rule of international law to the broader situation in Palestine. The provision is distinct among war crimes within the Court's jurisdiction as it refers to the activity of a state – the occupying power – in addition to that of the individual perpetrator. This feature reflects the structural issues that the provision was designed to address, and emphasizes that its purpose is not so much to confront direct physical violence, but rather to prevent colonial practices. Despite the political significance of the underlying conduct there has been comparatively little analysis of the war crime itself. Following an overview of how Israel's transfer of civilians into occupied territory challenges international law's distinction between civilian and combatant and has given rise to the charge of apartheid, the paper considers the drafting history of Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute, reflecting on the provision's unusual construction, before reviewing Israel's state responsibility for unlawful transfer, and considering the temporal jurisdiction of the ICC and the nature of continuing and continuous crimes.