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Community-based and green mapping is used worldwide for participatory learning and research, asset-based community development and sustainability planning. As a community-based research methodology, it has powerful applications for place-based, teaching and learning, working towards solutions for real-life sustainability and health issues with local citizens and students of all ages. Committed to open-source tools and the sharing of knowledge, community mapping as practiced by the Community Mapping Colaboratory at the University of Victoria (www.mapping.uvic.ca) in partnership with the global Green Map System www.greenmap.org, have worked with neighborhoods, schools, universities, governments and planners for over a decade. There are more than 800 locally designed and interactive Green Maps in 65 countries, published by thousands of mapmakers and education-research projects led by youth, grassroots, NGOs, universities and municipalities.

Abstract
Human movements often spontaneously fall into synchrony with auditory and visual environmental rhythms. Related behavioral studies have shown that motor responses are automatically and unintentionally coupled with external rhythmic stimuli. However, the neurophysiological processes underlying such motor entrainment remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) the modulation of neural and muscular activity induced by periodic audio and/or visual sequences. The sequences were presented at either 1 or 2 Hz, while participants maintained constant finger pressure on a force sensor. The results revealed that although there was no change of amplitude in participants' EMG in response to the sequences, the synchronization between EMG and EEG recorded over motor areas in the beta (12–40 Hz) frequency band was dynamically modulated, with maximal coherence occurring about 100 ms before each stimulus. These modulations in beta EEG–EMG motor coherence were found for the 2-Hz audio–visual sequences, confirming at a neurophysiological level the enhancement of motor entrainment with multimodal rhythms that fall within preferred perceptual and movement frequency ranges. Our findings identify beta band cortico-muscular coupling as a potential underlying mechanism of motor entrainment, further elucidating the nature of the link between sensory and motor systems in humans.

Abstract
When listening to music, people often perceive and move along with a periodic meter. However, the dynamics of mapping between meter perception and the acoustic cues to meter periodicities in the sensory input remain largely unknown. To capture these dynamics, we recorded the electroencephalography while nonmusician and musician participants listened to nonrepeating rhythmic sequences, where acoustic cues to meter frequencies either gradually decreased (from regular to degraded) or increased (from degraded to regular). The results revealed greater neural activity selectively elicited at meter frequencies when the sequence gradually changed from regular to degraded compared with the opposite. Importantly, this effect was unlikely to arise from overall gain, or low-level auditory processing, as revealed by physiological modeling. Moreover, the context effect was more pronounced in nonmusicians, who also demonstrated facilitated sensory-motor synchronization with the meter for sequences that started as regular. In contrast, musicians showed weaker effects of recent context in their neural responses and robust ability to move along with the meter irrespective of stimulus degradation. Together, our results demonstrate that brain activity elicited by rhythm does not only reflect passive tracking of stimulus features, but represents continuous integration of sensory input with recent context.

AbstractMusic listening often entails spontaneous perception and body movement to a periodic pulse‐like meter. There is increasing evidence that this cross‐cultural ability relates to neural processes that selectively enhance metric periodicities, even when these periodicities are not prominent in the acoustic stimulus. However, whether these neural processes emerge early in development remains largely unknown. Here, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 20 healthy 5‐ to 6‐month‐old infants, while they were exposed to two rhythms known to induce the perception of meter consistently across Western adults. One rhythm contained prominent acoustic periodicities corresponding to the meter, whereas the other rhythm did not. Infants showed significantly enhanced representations of meter periodicities in their EEG responses to both rhythms. This effect is unlikely to reflect the tracking of salient acoustic features in the stimulus, as it was observed irrespective of the prominence of meter periodicities in the audio signals. Moreover, as previously observed in adults, the neural enhancement of meter was greater when the rhythm was delivered by low‐pitched sounds. Together, these findings indicate that the endogenous enhancement of metric periodicities beyond low‐level acoustic features is a neural property that is already present soon after birth. These high‐level neural processes could set the stage for internal representations of musical meter that are critical for human movement coordination during rhythmic musical behavior.Research Highlights

5‐ to 6‐month‐old infants were presented with auditory rhythms that induce the perception of a periodic pulse‐like meter in adults.
Infants showed selective enhancement of EEG activity at meter‐related frequencies irrespective of the prominence of these frequencies in the stimulus.
Responses at meter‐related frequencies were boosted when the rhythm was conveyed by bass sounds.
High‐level neural processes that transform rhythmic auditory stimuli into internal meter templates emerge early after birth.

Umschlag Seite 1 -- Titelei -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Perspektiven der Tourismuswissenschaft Ein weiterer Versuch der Klärung -- Tourismus als Wissenschaft - Prädestiniert für interdisziplinäres Forschen? Eine europäische Perspektive -- Tourismusforschung zwischen Kunstlehre und Gesellschaftswissenschaft. Entwicklung, Strukturen, Perspektiven -- Das ganzheitliche Modell der Tourismuswissenschaft: Ein integrativer Ansatz für Forschung und Lehre -- Tourismus, Tourismuswissenschaft und Tourismuswissen im Spannungsfeld der Disziplinen -- Grenzen als ein Paradigma einer Tourismuswissenschaft -- (Was) kann ich (im Tourismus) wissen? -- Tourismus - Eine "autonome" Teildisziplin der Wirtschaftswissenschaft? -- Tourismus als Forschungsfeld der Volkswirtschaftslehre -- Forschungsevaluierung im australischen Hochschulsektor - Entwicklungen und Implikationen -- Herausforderungen der Tourismusausbildung an Hochschulen -- Akademisierung der Praxis und Zukunftsperspektiven nachhaltiger Weiterbildung im Tourismus: Das Beispiel der Förderung von Bauherren-Kompetenz -- Kongresse und Wissenschaft - Eine Beziehungsanalyse am Beispiel des ITB Berlin Kongresses -- Denkfabriken und Labs als unternehmerische Innovationsstrategien: Think Tanks und ihre Debatten über die Zukunft des Reisens -- Tourismus und Wissenschaft oder Tourismuswissenschaft? Ein (weiterer) Erklärungsversuch -- Autorenverzeichnis -- Umschlag Seite 4

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