Suchergebnisse

This article empirically evaluates whether the adoption of market mechanisms such as auction, tender and quotation for land-use rights acquisition effectively reduces illegal land use in China. It is based on official statistics of (i) illegal land use cases and areas; and (ii) adoption rate of market-led transactions in 30 provinces from 1999 to 2008. A fixed effects panel model is used to control for factors like land revenue dependency, law enforcement, per capita gross domestic product, government size, real estate investment, relative wage in public sector and citizens' level of education. The findings demonstrate that the market mechanism is effective in reducing illegal land use. However, the Chinese government needs to close legal and institutional loopholes in the land administration regime in order to improve the effectiveness of market-led transactions in reducing land corruption. (China/GIGA)

Résumé Même si les stages ont des implications considérables pour l'administration publique, on en sait peu sur leur influence sur les étudiants. Dans le présent article, nous examinons si les stages font évoluer la façon dont les étudiants voient les organisations publiques et s'ils ont une influence, au final, sur leur décision de travailler dans le secteur public ou le secteur privé. Nous avons interrogé 818 étudiants universitaires à Singapour et mesuré la façon dont ils perçoivent les organisations publiques au moyen d'un indice de masculinité. Nous avons ensuite déterminé si les impressions de ceux qui avaient effectué un stage étaient différentes de celles des autres. Enfin, nous avons effectué une régression logistique pour vérifier si la façon de voir les organisations publiques et les expériences de stages dans les organismes publics expliquaient les choix de carrière des étudiants. Ces analyses ont été complétées par des entretiens avec des étudiants. Le groupe des stagiaires présente un indice de masculinité nettement plus faible que le groupe des non stagiaires. Moins ils voient les organisations publiques comme masculines, plus leur préférence pour un emploi dans le secteur public est marquée. Les étudiants ayant effectué un stage peu satisfaisant confirment ou renforcent leur image masculine des organisations publiques et évitent les emplois dans le secteur public. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Les organisations publiques peuvent se servir des programmes de stages non seulement pour attirer les talents dans la fonction publique, mais aussi pour améliorer leur image. Cela ne se fait cependant pas de manière automatique. Les universités et les organisations publiques devraient surveiller de près ce que font effectivement les étudiants durant leur stage et analyser les raisons pour lesquelles ils en sont satisfaits ou non. Nos recherches indiquent qu'une mauvaise expérience de stage peut avoir des conséquences encore plus négatives pour l'image des organisations publiques et le choix de carrière que l'absence de stage. Cette observation donne à penser que l'État devrait s'intéresser davantage aux besoins des stagiaires et institutionnaliser une procédure afin d'évaluer la satisfaction des étudiants à l'égard de leur stage.

Although internship has substantial implications for public administration, little is known about how it affects students. This article analyzes whether internships change students' perceptions of public organizations, and whether they ultimately affect their choice between public and private sector jobs. We surveyed 818 Singapore university students and measured their perceptions of public organizations using a masculinity index. Then, we analyzed whether those with internship experience had different perceptions from those without it. Finally, we used logistic regression to test whether perceptions of public organizations and public internship experiences explain the probability of students' job choices. These analyses were complemented by interviews with students. The with-internship group shows significantly lower masculinity index scores than the without-internship group. The less masculine their image of public organizations, the stronger their preference for public sector jobs. Students with an unsatisfactory internship confirm or strengthen their masculine image of public organizations and avoid public sector jobs. Points for practitioners Public organizations can utilize internship programs not only to draw talent into the public service but also to improve their image. This does not happen automatically, however. Universities and public organizations should closely monitor what students actually do during an internship and why they are satisfied or dissatisfied with it. Our research shows that a negative internship experience can have a more negative impact on the image of public organizations and the decision to work in these organizations than no internship at all. This finding suggests that the government should pay more attention to the needs of interns and institutionalize a procedure to evaluate students' satisfaction with internship programs.

AbstractWe examined the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) inspections in the US to identify the effects of repeated inspections and the time between inspections on non‐compliance. Our sample included 549,398 inspections conducted from 1972 through 2006 in manufacturing plants in the 29 states where federal OSHA enforces the law. We controlled for inspection type, industry, establishment size, and year. The number of total violations cited fell by 28%–48% from the first to the second inspection; after that, the numbers declined much more slowly. These effects were found in every one of the four sub‐periods examined. The number of violations cited increased with each additional year since the prior inspection after controlling for other variables; however, the increases were small, totaling approximately 15% over five years. OSHA should probably give higher priority to first time inspections than to repeated inspections. The current requirement that at least two years elapse between planned inspections should probably be lengthened.

"Providing context-specific regional and national perspectives, this novel Handbook sets out to disentangle the considerable intellectual ambiguities that surround Asian public administration and Asia's diverse applications of Western administrative models. Building a holistic understanding of public administration systems across East, Southeast and South Asia, chapters explore the various historical formations, contemporary changes, and impacts of local contexts. It also covers social accountability, performance and human resource management, and the role of local governments. An international range of leading scholars track the gradual embrace of market-driven reforms in Asian public policy and administration, including privatisation, agencification, outcome-based performance, and customer choice. With its cross-regional and cross-national comparisons finding divergences in these reforms, the Handbook's most significant revelation highlights the impacts of national political contexts and actors on bureaucracy. Illustrating a clear overarching picture of the divergences in Asian public administration, the comparative focus of this Handbook will prove invaluable to students and scholars of Asian politics, public policy and administration. It will also be a useful point of reference to Asian policy makers and bureaucrats dealing with national administrative reforms who are looking to innovate the public sector"--

Assessing the changing dynamic between the demand that is placed on a community by cumulative exposure to hazards and the capacity of the community to mitigate or respond to that risk represents a central problem in estimating the community's resilience to disaster. The authors present an initial effort to simulate the dynamic between increasing demand and decreasing capacity in an actual disaster response system to determine the fragility of the system, or the point at which the system fails. The results show that access to core information enhances efficiency of response actions and increases coordination throughout the network of responding organizations.

Dans le présent article, nous étudions de manière empirique la compréhension et l'évolution du concept de capacité administrative dans le contexte coréen. Malgré un consensus universel sur son importance, la capacité administrative est définie différemment par les régimes et les parties prenantes (c'est-à-dire, dans la présente étude : le public, les membres de l'Assemblée nationale et les universitaires). Afin d'améliorer notre compréhension de la capacité administrative, nous avons recueilli trois types de textes (337 articles universitaires, 1470 procès-verbaux de l'Assemblée nationale et 3316 articles de journaux de 2000 à 2019) et analysé les données en utilisant des méthodes de modélisation des sujets et d'analyse des réseaux de textes. Les résultats indiquent que même si les articles académiques mettent l'accent sur le leadership, la main-d'œuvre, l'éducation et d'autres capacités d'élaboration des politiques, l'Assemblée nationale met l'accent sur la capacité d'innovation pour résoudre différents problèmes stratégiques. Enfin, les médias, censés refléter l'opinion publique, mettent l'accent sur les capacités liées à la sécurité nationale. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens La présente étude indique que différents types de capacités administratives pourraient être nécessaires selon le stade de développement des États. Alors que les capacités de gestion et d'administration devraient être renforcées dans les pays poursuivant un développement économique dirigé par l'État, les capacités de gouvernance pourraient être davantage nécessaires dans les pays confrontés à des demandes de démocratisation et répondant aux divers besoins et à la participation des citoyens.

This article empirically explores the understanding and changes in the concept of administrative capacity in the Korean context. Despite a universal consensus on its importance, administrative capacity is defined differently by regimes and stakeholders (i.e. in this study: the public, members of the National Assembly, and academia). To improve our understanding of administrative capacity, we collected three types of texts (337 academic papers, 1470 National Assembly minutes, and 3316 newspaper articles from 2000 to 2019) and analyzed the data using topic modeling and text-network analysis methods. The results suggest that although academic articles emphasized leadership, manpower, education, and other policymaking capacities, the National Assembly stressed innovation capacity in solving different policy problems. Finally, the media, assumed to reflect public opinion, emphasized capacities related to national security.Points for practitionersThis study suggests that different types of administrative capacities could be needed according to the developmental stage of states. While managerial and administrative capacity should be developed in countries pursuing state-led economic development, governance capacity could be more requested in countries facing demands for democratization and meeting citizens' various needs and participation.