Suchergebnisse

"This paper studies whether job reallocation in Slovenia, a post-socialist economy, has been associated with gains in total factor productivity (TFP). We document the importance of entry and exit in job reallocation and show that TFP has increased mainly due to existing firms' increasing efficiency and through net entry of firms. Underlying aggregate TFP growth is job destruction by state firms and reallocation of employment to private firms. " (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

This paper analyzes the employment behavior of home multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Europe. To this end we use a unique firm level panel data set of more than 1,000 European multinational parent enterprises and their affiliates. The affiliates are located either in the European Union (North, South), Central and Eastern Europe or both. We find for parent firms operating in the manufacturing sector that the labor cost elasticity of parent employment with respect to North EU affiliates?labor costs is positive and statistically significant, ranging from 0.03 to 0.08, depending on the specification considered. This implies employment substitution between parents and their North EU based affiliates takes place in response to wage cost differentials between the parent and its North EU based affiliates. This substitution effect becomes stronger when affiliates are operating in a different sector than their parent firm. However, we find no evidence for such substitution effects between parent employment and its affiliates that are located in low wage regions in the EU and in Central and Eastern Europe. Furthfirmore substitution effects are absent for parent firms operating in the nonmanufacturing sector. Our results suggest that on average the competition from low wage countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the South of the EU did not contribute to a relocation of domestic jobs to these low wage regions.

Most post‐communist economies are characterized by an initial collapse in aggregate output. Blanchard and Kremer (1997) and Roland and Verdier (1997) have recently modelled supply‐side distortions – disorganization in the links of production – that can lead to a short‐term output contraction after market liberalization and a recovery thereafter. This paper is the first to illustrate and test the effects of disorganization in the transition process by using a unique dataset of 300 Ukrainian firms. Our results show that for firms that existed under central planning, disorganization constrains employment and productivity growth during the transition process to a market economy. We also show that the effects of disorganization are greater the more out‐dated the capital stock inheritance from the planning system. In contrast, disorganization plays no role in the determination of employment and productivity growth in newly established private firms.JEL classification: P0, O0, D0.

AbstractMany countries have reduced corporate income tax rates or introduced tax deductions, exclusions and credits to attract foreign direct investment. This paper analyzes the introduction of the notional interest deduction (NID) in Belgium, which allows companies to deduct from their taxable income an interest that is calculated based on the company's equity. We use an event type study approach to analyze the evolution of employment and investment of foreign affiliates in Belgium. We find that the tax deduction has increased employment and investment in the Belgian affiliates on average by 7.4 and 6.1%, respectively, in the period after the introduction of the NID. The NID, however, also provides a higher after‐tax return on investment to domestic Belgian firms. Using a matching analysis, we find that domestic Belgian firms with low external financial dependence also respond to the NID but somewhat less strongly, domestic firms with high external financial dependence do not show NID‐driven investment nor employment creation.