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In spite of political expectations and technical advances, the cross-border implementation of the "once-only" principle (OOP) in the EU is limited to a few services so far. The Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP) is an EU-funded large-scale project which aims to explore and demonstrate OOP on a cross-border, collaborative and pan-European scale. This is done by developing a federated architecture, which will be tested in multiple sustainable pilots. TOOP has the potential to provide lessons learned which may assist future implementation and a wider usage of OOP. TOOP also has the potential to bring positive changes both for public administrations and public service users across Europe and beyond. This position paper is the first deliverable of the project and it aims to describe TOOP partners' approach towards OOP; it also summarizes the motivation and ambition behind the project.

The once-only principle (OOP) is a principle which states that public administrations should collect information from citizens and businesses only once, and then share and reuse this information. This is seen as a way to increase government efficiency and reduce the administrative burden of citizens and businesses in their interactions with public administrations. In the context of the European Single Market, data should not only be shared internally within a country but also between Member States. In spite of political expectations and technical advances, the cross-border implementation of the OOP in the EU has been limited to a few services so far. The Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP) is an EU-funded large-scale project which aims to explore and demonstrate the OOP on a cross-border pan-European scale, focusing on reducing the administrative burden of businesses. This will be achieved by developing a federated architecture for interconnecting information systems in different countries, and testing this in multiple pilots. TOOP has the potential to provide lessons learned which may assist future implementation and a wider usage of the OOP. This is expected to bring positive changes both for public administrations and public service users across Europe and beyond. This position paper describes the current state of affairs as regards the implementation of the OOP in Europe and explains the project's approach towards OOP, summarizing the motivation and ambition behind the project.

Large amounts of Open Government Data (OGD) have become available and co-created public services have started to emerge, but there is only limited empirical material available on co-created OGD-driven public services. To address this shortcoming and explore the concept of co-created OGD-driven public services the authors conducted an exploratory case study. The case study explored Chicago's use of OGD in the co-creation of a predictive analytics model that forecasts critical safety violations at food serving establishments. The results of this exploratory work allowed for new insights to be gained on co-created OGD-driven public services and led to the identification of six factors that seem to play a key role in allowing for a OGD-driven public service to be co-created. The results of the initial work also provide valuable new information that can be used to aid in the development and improvement of the authors' conceptual model for understanding co-created OGD-driven public service.

The recent policy and regulatory initiatives of the EU, such as Digital Single Market Strategy, Single Digital Gateway, European Interoperability Framework and eIDAS, identify the need for digital cross-border integration in the EU. The achievement of the digital single market within the EU is challenging governments at all levels to transform or update their governance systems in or-der to establish the cross-border e-governance. The existing stage models in the e-Government literature, do not address the cross-border integration in the evo-lution phase of the e-Government. The heterogeneity and the legacy systems of the cross-border data exchange infrastructures hinders the process of seamless cross-border data exchange. This heterogeneity of cross-border data exchange infrastructures and complexity of the cross-border integration in the EU requires high level of interoperability in the legal, organisational, technical and semantic environment. Therefore, we explore the cross-border data infrastructures and its state of play in the EU by following the predominant framework that ensures the interoperability of the digital public services, EIF. We found that the most suc-cessful approach for cross-border e-governance and the cross-border integration might be the federated approach.

This research focuses on the interrelationship between international standards and e-voting projects. With the rise of e-government activities, a multitude of new international standards is discussed or adopted in conjunction with such innovative reform steps. In order to gain a perception which role international standards dealing with legal, organizational and technical aspects play in national contexts and whether they are actually implemented, this essay specifically examines standards used in e-voting projects, as this area can be clearly distinguished from other e-government projects. Case studies in Estonia, Norway, and Switzerland show that there is a general interest in international sources and that real international standards are considered to be more important and "binding" than private organizations' standards or other documents. In all three countries, the Council of Europe Recommendation on e-voting, the only real international standard in this field, played a role in the respective e-voting projects, but did not coin all phases. Once the international standards were endorsed as national regulations, they only played a minor role for the continuation of the projects. However, they are used for orientation and evaluation purposes.

Moving towards the cross-border mobility of e-Government services is a political priority of the European Union, but the provision of such services remains fragmented. This paper builds on the first research results of "The Once-Only Principle Project" (TOOP), launched in 2017 by the European Commission and 51 organizations from 21 European countries to advance cross-border e-services through exploring and testing the cross-border application of the once-only principle (OOP). According to this principle, public administrations should collect information from citizens and businesses only once and then share this information with other administrative bodies. On the basis of a literature review, survey, focus group interviews and workshops, this paper presents a preliminary take on the benefits associated with cross-border OOP, as well as the barriers and drivers that affect the emergence of OOP-based cross-border e-Government services.

It is becoming increasingly clear that the concepts of open government data (OGD) and co-creation are related; however, there is currently only limited empirical material available exploring the link between the two. This paper aims to help clarify the relationship between these two concepts by exploring a recently coined phenomenon: OGD-driven co-created public services. These services 1) utilize or are driven by OGD; 2) are co-created by stakeholders from different groups; and 3) produce public value for society. Due to the relative newness of the phenomenon an inductive exploratory case study is undertaken on Chicago's use of OGD in the co-creation of their food safety inspection forecasting model. This model forecasts critical food safety violations at food serving establishments and sends inspectors to the highest risk establishments first. The results of this exploratory work led to the discovery of a 'perfect storm' of six factors that seem to play a key role in allowing OGD-driven public service co-creation to take place. These factors are motivated stakeholders, innovative leaders, proper communication, an existing OGD portal, external funding, and agile development.

Linked Open Statistical Data (LOSD) and Open Government Data (OGD) are believed to contain the capability to drive the creation of new and innovative public services and provide increased levels of public value. It has also been proposed that these technologies have the potential to change the relationship between traditional public service providers and public service users by allowing any stakeholder to co-create a new service. There is currently a limited amount of empirical work demonstrating how LOSD and OGD may be exploited by non-traditional stakeholders to co-create new data-driven public services. As part of the Horizon2020 funded OpenGovIntelligence (OGI) project, six pilots are being conducted in six different EU countries (Belgium, Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, and UK) that aim to demonstrate how OGD and LOSD may be exploited and lead to co-created data-driven public services. The aim of this ongoing research paper is to provide an overview of the OGI co-creation framework and methodology as well as present the current stage of the six different pilots and how OGD/LOSD has thus far allowed for co-creation to take place and public value to be created.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- An Analysis of the Security and Privacy Issues of the Neovote Online Voting System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Legal and Regulatory Constraints in France -- 3 Claims and Transparency -- 4 Code Re-use from Asmcrypto -- 4.1 General Copy -- 4.2 RSAES-PKCS -- 5 Publishing the Tally -- 6 Vote Verification -- 6.1 Availability of the Verification Process -- 6.2 Attacking the Ballot Box -- 6.3 Deanonymising the Votes -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Time, Privacy, Robustness, Accuracy: Trade-Offs for the Open Vote Network Protocol -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Notations -- 2.2 Open Vote Network (OV-Net) -- 2.3 Denial of Service -- 3 Parallel OV-Net -- 4 Parallel OV-Net DoS Resilience -- 5 Tally-Combining Algorithms -- 5.1 Comparing Tally-Combining Algorithms -- 6 Privacy of Parallel OV-Net -- 6.1 Definitions and Assumptions -- 6.2 Basic Cases: M=k=1 and M 1, k=1 -- 6.3 General Case -- 7 Conclusions and Further Research -- References -- Review Your Choices: When Confirmation Pages Break Ballot Secrecy in Online Elections -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Related Work -- 3 Research Question and Scope -- 3.1 Vendor Demo Access Requests -- 4 Description of Simply Voting's System -- 4.1 Ballot Casting Process -- 4.2 Potential Side-channel Attacks in the Ballot Casting Process -- 5 Methodology -- 5.1 Testing a Length-Based Side-channel Attack -- 5.2 Technical Implementation of the Client Application -- 5.3 Technical Implementation of the Server Application -- 6 Experiment 1 (Single Contest): Township of Selwyn, Ward Lakefield -- 6.1 Data Collection -- 6.2 Data Analysis -- 7 Additional Experiments -- 7.1 Experiment 2 (Two Contests): Township of Selwyn, Ward Ennismore -- 7.2 Experiment 3 (Three Contests): Town of Ajax, Ward 1 -- 8 Mitigations.

This open access book LNCS 13353 constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electronic Voting, E-Vote-ID 2022, held in Bregenz, Austria, in October 2022. The 10 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The conference collected the most relevant debates on the development of Electronic Voting, from aspects relating to security and usability through to practical experiences and applications of voting systems, also including legal, social, or political aspects, amongst others.

This workshop of the CAP4CITY (Erasmus+ Strengthening Governance Capacity for Smart Sustainable Cities) project is to promote and stimulate the discussion and networking in the area of Digital Government. Smart Sustainable Cities and related concepts of Digital, Intelligent and Smart Cities represent a progression of how cities around the world apply digital technology to serve their populations, pursue sustainable socio-economic development, and transform themselves in the process, and require strong capacity for public governance in the digital world. In order to identify the gaps concerning missing knowledge and training needs in this area we propose to validate a Smart Sustainable Cities roadmap through a scenario-building approach. ; Trabajo publicado en Chen, Y. C., Salem, F., Zuiderwijk, A. (eds.). dg.o 2019: Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research . Association for Computing Machinery: New York, 2019. ; Facultad de Informática

The Once-Once Principle (OOP) suggests that citizens and businesses should have the right to supply information only once to a public administration. It would then be the respon- sibility of public administration offices to take all necessary actions in order to internally share this data by respecting the relevant data protection rules. The overall aim is to reduce administrative burden. The implementation of the OOP is high on the political agenda of many countries including the Member States of the European Union. The aim of this panel is to enable an open discussion between the panelists and the audience in order to exchange good practices and also identify and prioritize benefits and barriers as well as possible next steps towards widely imple-menting the once only principle in public service provisioning.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Election Security and Economics: It's All About Eve -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Approaches -- 2.1 Information Security -- 2.2 Economics -- 3 Voting Protocols -- 3.1 Simple Voting Protocol -- 3.2 Random Sample Elections -- 4 Information Security Analysis -- 4.1 Adversary -- 4.2 Security Properties -- 5 Economic Perspective -- 5.1 Economic Analysis -- 5.2 Implicit Security Properties -- 5.3 Vote Buying -- 6 Outlook -- References -- Cryptographic Security Analysis of E-voting Systems: Achievements, Misconceptions, and Limitations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Verifiability -- 2.1 E2E Verifiability -- 2.2 Individual and Universal Verifiability -- 2.3 Not Sufficient -- 2.4 Not Necessary -- 3 Accountability -- 4 Coercion-Resistance and Privacy -- 5 Limitations of Cryptographic Security Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Voting in E-Participation: A Set of Requirements to Support Accountability and Trust by Electoral Committees -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background: The Elections to the Austrian Federation of Students -- 1.2 Relevance for the Electoral Committees and Accountability -- 1.3 Structure of the Paper -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Deduction of Requirements -- 2.2 Literature Research for Solutions -- 3 Requirements Based on Literature -- 3.1 Legal Requirements at a Glance: The Embedded Case Studies -- 3.2 Requirements for Trust by Electoral Committees -- 3.3 Requirements for Accountability -- 4 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Weakness of Cumulative Voting -- 1 Introduction -- 2 When Should Voters Split Their Votes? -- 3 Voter Utility -- 4 A Continuity Assumption -- 5 Related Voting Systems -- 6 Single Non-transferable Votes -- 7 Alternative Electoral Systems -- 8 Conclusions and Further Work -- References.