Suchergebnisse

Global economic and financial crisis has forced politicians, economists and ordinary people irrespective of their political, cultural, and religious affiliation to think about values and realization of these values in the market economy. The need and desire for a renaissance of social market economy is particularly relevant in regard to the latest financial crisis and its consequence. So that the topicality of this problem encouraged to formulate the following goal of the paper: based on the interdisciplinary literature study to find an opportunity of updating the concept of social ethics and to create a model, which includes European Christian cultural values, but at the same time meets the requirements of the modern business environment. Based on the analysis the author provides the theoretical model including cooperation opportunities inside the business organization. Consequently, both Christian social ethics` concept and socio-political issues are used, providing the possibility for interdisciplinary exchange and dialogue.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.2.2201

A brief description of publications for employees of printing houses is presented: reference books, calendars, which made it possible for typographers to learn the basic rules of typing, historical information on the printing business, as well as the addresses of printing houses in St. Petersburg. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of publications devoted to the printing business, from which information can be gleaned about ancient book-making technologies. In almost every publication, you can get bibliographic information about both printing manuals and small brochures intended for students. The authors shared their long experience of work in printing houses, thus helping the successors to avoid mistakes and perform works efficiently. Publications became necessary as reference and information materials, especially for owners of printing establishments, because from them it was possible to learn about factory legislation, insurance laws and customs tariff. After 1918, the governing bodies changed, so the directories contained information about the main state management bodies for the press and publishing houses of the Supreme Economic Council (Supreme Council of the National Economy) and for Petrograd, the structure of the Union of Workers of Printing Production, etc. There are no modern studies on the information support of the process of printing books in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The purpose of this article is to generalize information about reference literature aimed at typography workers of that period.

The aim of the article is to attract readers' attention to the outstanding monument of book culture of the XYIII century – the encyclopedia "The Spectacle of Nature and Arts" ("Schauplatz der Natur und der Kunst ein vier Sprachen, deutsch, lateinisch, franzosisch und italienisch. Bd. 1–10. Wien. 1774-1779") – an edition in ten volumes published in Vienna in four languages (Latin, German, French and Italian), which gave an idea of handicrafts, trades, natural phenomena, plants and animals, – and its Russian speaking version.Famous Russian scientists took part in translating the encyclopedia into Russian. Particular attention was paid at characteristics of articles on typography since they could provide information about ancient technologies for making books. Drawings (illustrations) attached to each article allow you to visualize the atmosphere of workshops as well as materials, tools and equipment common to that time.The edition is richly illustrated - each article is accompanied by an engraving on copper. Some of the engravings were re-engraved from the German edition, and some were made especially for the Russian one.

In this paper, we consider a nonlinear differential equation of the first order of the Riccati hierarchy. The concept of a generalized solution for such an equation cannot be introduced within the framework of the classical theory of generalized functions because the product of generalized functions is not defined. To introduce the concept of a generalized solution, two approaches are considered. In the first approach, approximation by solutions of the Cauchy problem with complex initial conditions is used, and generalized solutions are defined as limits of approximating families in the sense of convergence in D′(¡). It is shown that there are two generalized solutions of the Cauchy problem. The type of solution depends on whether the poles of the approximating solution are located in the upper or lower half-plane. The second approach uses approximation with a system of equations. It is shown that there are many approximating systems, meanwhile, generalized solutions of the Cauchy problem depend on the choice of the approximating system.

The article is devoted to the question of how and why the images of the British in French literary works of the Hundred Years War period received their reflection. The Hundred Years War became a catalyst for the formation of the French nation and national identity. French authors, whose works are analyzed, belonged to different age and social groups, had different educational levels, and the time of their work covers the period from the end of the XIV century until the first half of the XV century. It is such a rather long period that allows us to see the dynamics in the development of the national identity of the French authors. The sense of homeland, which each had their own (Champagne, Normandy), they intertwined with the awareness of themselves subjects of the French king. In this sense, we can talk about the transfer of patriotic feelings in relation to a particular territory to France within the French kingdom as a whole. The image of the British as conquerors ravaging the French lands, in the views of some of the authors, however, does not mix with a respectful attitude to English culture.

The emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union countries of the Caspian region have much in common in their resource and economic conditions. The dynamics of their development is also largely identical. Therefore, the article considers the processes of modernization of the Kazakhstan's economy during the independence period as a typical state of the region. The author investigated the reasons for the choice of the resource model in the course of going to the world economy and the government actions on economic modernization and the beginning of the transition to innovation and industrial development.

The paper analyzes the problems of social inequality and life chances of modern Russian youth. Theoretical grounds of the research are the classical and the contemporary social theories concerning social inequality (Parsons, Weber, Sorokin, Warner). The traditional and new forms of inequality are discussed in the paper. The results of the author's online survey are presented. The aim of the survey is to find out the actual social inequalities which draw a distinction between Moscow youngsters.Particular attention has been given to the determinants of social inequality. The results of the survey show that among the priority ones there are the five major determinants:– the first one is the material status;– the second place goes to temporal factor. Spare time for communication with friends, self-education, hobbies and leisure has become not easily available for many young people;– the third determinant is the place of living and living conditions: the comfort and prestige of city district, its safety and infrastructure;– the fourth place is taken by mental outfit and social capital, in other words, by the body of knowledge and skills which is in demand on the labour market;– the fifth factor is the power, the ability to influence other people (relatives, friends, colleagues, government)We have found out that along with the traditional inequalities the new form of inequality – the temporalinequality – is becoming more and more significant for the Russian youth.

The paper is devoted to the problem of devising a new ESP curriculum for university students within the framework of Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education. The necessity to introduce innovations into foreign language teaching at universities is fore grounded. It is claimed that in spite of some ambiguity in specifying the students' competence in foreign languages put forward in the Standards, it is possible to design an effective educational curriculum for this university subject. It is proved that this can be realized if a competence-oriented approach is implemented. The process of designing a new competence-based curriculum for foreign languages is being described. A model modular course in foreign languages for the university students majoring in Regional Studies is presented. Some strategies to further develop teaching foreign languages at universities are mentioned. It is also argued that the course under discussion has proved to be attractive for the university applicants, provides for the quality of language education and meets the needs of the regional business community in the specialists of this kind.

Abstract
Even folklore, represented by original epic canvases, original texts of fairy tale and non-fairy tale prose, samples of ritual song and dance art, and a variety of other genres, represents unique spiritual wealth, a component of the common cultural heritage of the Even people. Even folklore is a stable and well-established system, having an oral form that has been handed down by storytellers from generation to generation since ancient times. At present, the Even, like all indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East, are experiencing a gradual loss of folklore traditions and a narrowing of their repertoire, which is illustrated by the authors' field material. This article deals with the circumstances of Even people concentrated in thirteen regions of Yakutia. A brief review of the history of Even epic folklore collecting from the eighteenth century to the present is provided. The modern repertoire and the degree of preservation of Even folklore genres in all regions of Even settlement in Yakutia are characterized. There is a gradual extinction of minor genres, such as riddles, proverbs, and sayings, along with the disappearance of archaic epos and fairy tales.