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THE EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY GAS CRYOTHERAPY ON THE HUMAN THERMAL STATE
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series, Volume 63, Issue 2, p. 220-228
ISSN: 2524-244X
The therapeutic effect of the whole body gas cryotherapy (WBGC) procedure is achieved when the average temperature of the human's (patient's) skin surface during the procedure is in a certain temperature range, and the rate of reduction of this temperature exceeds a certain threshold value. The paper presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the patient's thermal state at the stage of the therapeutic effect of WBGC. The analysis was based on the results of the numerical simulation of temperature distribution in different parts of patients (mеn) of different body constitution (height, cm × mass, kg) 160 × 60, 175 × 75, 190 × 90. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between the amount of heat flow removed from the skin surface and the rate of cooling of the skin of a patient. The results of numerical modeling are presented graphically and are summarized as the ratio between the dimensionless average temperature of the skin at the treatment stage of the WBGC procedure and the time of the patient's stay in the procedural chamber, referred to the time of the beginning of this stage. With regard to WBGC within the temperatures range of –160 to –110 °C the following regularities were found: 1) approximate constancy (descripancy less than 1 %) at the stage of therapeutic modality of the coefficient of heat transfer from the skin surface to the gas medium in the treatment chamber; 2) the exponential dependence of the value of cutaneous blood flow rate (blood perfusion) on the mean temperature of cooled cutaneous coverings; 3) linear dependence of the logarithm of the ratio of the rate of skin temperature reduction to the value of heat flux density removed by convection and radiation on the logarithm time.
Foreign concessions in the Soviet Union of the 1920s: "Why split up"?
In: Voprosy ėkonomiki: ežemesjačnyj žurnal, Issue 1, p. 138-158
Foreign concessions in the USSR existed for a very short period of 8-9 years. The paper considers some causes behind the closure of the concession companies that happened despite the assurances of the Soviet authorities allegedly desiring to attract foreign investment and technology. One of these causes - conflicts between the concessions' administrations and trade unions in the enterprises; the other refers to the intentionally limited access to financial resources.
Economic models of Environment monitoring under imperfect information and high Costs
In: Voprosy ėkonomiki: ežemesjačnyj žurnal, Issue 4, p. 99-122
The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.
Rent-Seeking Russia
In: Voprosy ėkonomiki: ežemesjačnyj žurnal, Issue 1, p. 60-77
The Russian economy is in transition period "from plan to market", which is characterized by immature institutions and expansion of rent-seeking behavior. In this article, the authors consider rent as a possible excess return above the minimum income needed to encourage an agent to implement the actions specified by the principal. In this paper the authors present and analyze the following types of rent: natural, exclusive, political, administrative and transitional. They also consider the consequences of the rent-seeking behavior for Russian economy.
"Resource Blessing": R&D and Sweet Water Deficit
In: Voprosy ėkonomiki: ežemesjačnyj žurnal, Issue 11, p. 25-40
Shortening of available volumes of a natural resource can become an engine for the development of new technologies, which could help using it more effectively. The article considers the case of Israel - the state that encounters sweet water deficit. Accessible average volume of this resource is in some sense random and hard to predict. Ordinary pricing mechanisms are difficult to implement due to political and social considerations. A range of measures has made private firms use an already existing intellectual resource to develop R&D aiming to make water use more effective. This can be viewed as a process of efficient substituting a deficit natural resource with a non-deficit intellectual one.
Promoting Integration Through Mobility: Free Movement Under Ecowas
In: Refugee survey quarterly, Volume 29, Issue 3, p. 120-144
ISSN: 1471-695X
Institutional Aspects of the Organization and Operation of the International Diamond Market
In: Problems of economic transition, Volume 52, Issue 10, p. 21-43
ISSN: 1557-931X
Institutional Aspects of the Organization and Operation of the International Diamond Market
In: Problems of economic transition, Volume 52, Issue 10
ISSN: 1557-931X
Corruption in the Relationship between Business and Bureaucracy (the Case of Empirical Analysis)
In: Voprosy ėkonomiki: ežemesjačnyj žurnal, Issue 1, p. 19-32
The authors introduce the notion of institutional economic space of the functioning of business firms taking into account their corrupt behaviour. Based on the survey of the firms' CEOs they construct a taxonomy of the companies in this space, analyze the factors, which influence the choice of certain business strategies, evaluate the efficiency of each strategy. The authors draw from the empirical information the peculiar properties of corrupt interactions between firms and bureaucratic structures.
Inherited power and popular representation: a tension in Hegel's political theory
In: Political studies, Volume 35, Issue Mar 87
ISSN: 0032-3217
Discusses Hegel's political theory of representation, the difficulties he raises about how to articulate effectively the interests of the various sections of society, and his objections to the indifference brought about by universal suffrage. Given that representation is seen, as Hegel suggested, as at best serving to mediate between the conflicting interests of the many, argues that it is time to consider forms of government and methods of election which seek to transcend these divisions of interest. (AM)
EXTREMAL PROBLEMS FOR CUBATURE FORMULAS
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Physics. Mathematics, Volume 27, Issue 2, p. 151
AN ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL CUBATURE FORMULA
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Physics. Mathematics, Volume 27, Issue 3, p. 370
ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ О НАИЛУЧШИХ КВАДРАТУРНЫХ ФОРМУЛАХ С ВЕСОВОЙ ФУНКЦИЕЙ
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Physics. Mathematics, Volume 27, Issue 2, p. 224
ПОЛИНОМИАЛЬНОЕ ТРАССИРОВАНИЕ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЙ ДОРОГИ НА ЭВМ
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR. Physics. Mathematics, Volume 26, Issue 4, p. 462