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Abstract. This paper presents an extended reanalysis of the rainfall-induced geo-hydrological events that have occurred in the last 70 years in the alpine area of the Lombardy region, Italy. The work is focused on the description of the major meteorological triggering factors that have caused diffuse episodes of shallow landslides and debris flow. The aim of this reanalysis was to try to evaluate their magnitude quantitatively. The triggering factors were studied following two approaches. The first one
started from the conventional analysis of the rainfall intensity (I) and
duration (D) considering local rain gauge data and applying the I–D
threshold methodology integrated with an estimation of the events' return
period. We then extended this analysis and proposed a new index for the
magnitude assessment (magnitude index, MI) based on frequency–magnitude theory. The MI was defined considering both the return period and the spatial extent of each rainfall episode. The second approach is based on a regional-scale analysis of meteorological
triggers. In particular, the strength of the extratropical cyclone (EC) structure associated with the precipitation events was assessed through the sea level pressure tendency (SLPT) meteorological index. The latter has been estimated from the Norwegian cyclone model (NCM) theory. Both indexes have shown an agreement in ranking the event's magnitude
(R2=0.88), giving a similar interpretation of the severity that
was also found to be in accordance with the information reported in historical
databases. This back analysis of 70 years in Valtellina identifies the MI and the SLPT
as good magnitude indicators of the event, confirming that a strong cause–effect relationship exists among the EC intensity and the local
rainfall recorded on the ground. In respect of the conventional I–D
threshold methodology, which is limited to a binary estimate of the likelihood of landslide occurrence, the evaluation of the MI and the SLPT
indexes allows quantifying the magnitude of a rainfall episode capable of
generating severe geo-hydrological hazards.

La sociologie de l'environnement est un domaine disciplinaire récent en Italie. La naissance de cet objet d'étude montre la nécessité de proposer une lecture de la société et de la «qualité de vie» par des démarches nouvelles. Elle prend donc l'aspect d'une nouvelle vision du monde plus que d'un domaine spécifique d'étude, en se déclinant en une série de connaissances empiriques et de choix stratégiques liés à des problématiques et des champs différents. L'article dresse un historique de la sociologie de l'environnement en Italie, en précisant le contenu du champ qu'elle délimite.

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, but little is known about consumer receptivity to AI in medicine. Consumers are reluctant to utilize healthcare provided by AI in real and hypothetical choices, separate and joint evaluations. Consumers are less likely to utilize healthcare (study 1), exhibit lower reservation prices for healthcare (study 2), are less sensitive to differences in provider performance (studies 3A–3C), and derive negative utility if a provider is automated rather than human (study 4). Uniqueness neglect, a concern that AI providers are less able than human providers to account for consumers' unique characteristics and circumstances, drives consumer resistance to medical AI. Indeed, resistance to medical AI is stronger for consumers who perceive themselves to be more unique (study 5). Uniqueness neglect mediates resistance to medical AI (study 6), and is eliminated when AI provides care (a) that is framed as personalized (study 7), (b) to consumers other than the self (study 8), or (c) that only supports, rather than replaces, a decision made by a human healthcare provider (study 9). These findings make contributions to the psychology of automation and medical decision making, and suggest interventions to increase consumer acceptance of AI in medicine.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on how smart manufacturing (SM) affects work organization at both micro-level – i.e. work design, described in terms of operator job breadth and autonomy, cognitive demand and social interaction – and at macro-level – i.e. organizational structure, described in terms of centralization of decision making and number of hierarchical levels in the plant.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on a multiple-case study of 19 companies implementing SM.FindingsResults present four main configurations differing in terms of technological complexity, and micro and macro work organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the academic debate about the interplay between technology and work organization in the context of SM, specifically the authors find that the level of technology complexity relates to different characteristics of micro and macro work organization in the plant.Practical implicationsFindings offer valuable insights for practice, with implications for the design of operator jobs, skills and plant organizational structure, in light of the challenges generated by the implementation of SM technology. Guidelines on how policymakers can foster the implementation of SM technology to enhance social sustainability are proposed.Originality/valueThis study advances a novel focus in studying SM, i.e. work organization implications of this new manufacturing paradigm instead of its mere technological implications.

PurposeSustainable operations management is characterized by environmental, social and operational goals. The implementation of routines to protect and direct the effective use of human capital is proposed to potentially improve all three dimensions. However, functional managers with overlapping responsibilities at the plant-level might implement human capital routines based on their individual functional schemas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether functional managers have conflicting perceptions of human capital routines, due to narrow perceptions benefiting their own functional domain, and thus generate trade-offs.Design/methodology/approachA combination of matched survey and archival data from 198 manufacturing plants is used to explore the degree to which functional managers have conflicting perceptions of human capital routines and the effects of these perceptions on sustainability outcomes.FindingsThe results indicate that on average functional managers have conflicting perceptions that generate trade-offs between sustainability dimensions. However, when functional managers had a shared perception better outcomes on all sustainability dimensions are shown. Thus, human capital routines can be a powerful tool for sustainability only if senior management can promote a shared schema across functional managers.Originality/valueDifferently than most previous studies assuming shared sustainability goals within an organization, this study considers a multiplicity of functional actors with potentially varying perceptions about sustainability goals and links these to organizational routine implementation and outcomes. Additionally, the dynamic and subjective nature of organizational routines, such as human capital routines, is proposed to explain contradictory impacts in a multi-objective setting such as sustainable operations management.