Suchergebnisse

This review discusses historical studies of social mobility and stratification. The focus is on changes in social inequality and mobility in past societies and their determinants. It discusses major historical sources, approaches, and results in the fields of social stratification (ranks and classes in the past), marriage patterns by social class or social endogamy, intergenerational social mobility, and historical studies of the career.

The role of European welfare states in intergenerational monetary transfers: A micro-level perspective .This article integrates sociological and economical theory to provide a comprehensive explanation for why parents send money to particular children, and tests more explicit hypotheses
on how differences in welfare state provisions can explain divergent patterns between countries. The spending on various welfare domains as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product is used to determine whether intergenerational solidarity is shaped by welfare state provisions. We use data from
the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyse the influence of welfare state provisions on the likelihood of intergenerational transfers in ten European countries. The results indicate that parental resources and reciprocity expectations as well as children's needs
are important determinants of monetary transfers. Although differences between countries are found, they do not seem to justify the distinct division between "the three worlds of welfare" often used in sociological work.

In this paper, the relation between job characteristics and health is examined. The main aim is to investigate what role different dimensions of jobs play in explaining employees' health, deriving hypotheses from medical sociology and the organizational psychological literature.
The dataset used to test the hypotheses is the Time Competition Survey (2003, N = 894), a large scale survey conducted among employees and managers in 30 Dutch organizations. Ordinal logistic regression methods are used to analyze these data. The results indicate that job demands have a stronger
effect on employees' health than income, job control and job challenge.

The introductory chapter to this volume presented a number of theories and hypotheses on the determinants of endogamy; the following chapters described endogamy in different historical settings and tested some of those hypotheses. The tests looked especially at the effects of individual characteristics of spouses, and sometimes of their parents. Results relating to changes in macro characteristics over time and their effect on the likelihood of endogamy were presented. Because all these chapters refer to only one country or region, regional comparisons are seldom made (there are some exceptions: Bras and Kok on differences between parts of the province of Zeeland; Pélissier et al. on differences between rural and urban areas, and Van de Putte et al. on differences between several Belgian cities and villages).

The social identities of marriage partners [...] are among the most sensitive and acute indicators of community or class feelings. Who marries whom, without courting alienation or rejection from a social set, is an acid test of the horizons and boundaries of what each particular social set regards as tolerable and acceptable, and a sure indication of where that set draws the line of membership.

"Auf der Grundlage einer Längsschnittstudie zur intergenerationalen Bildungsvererbung in Island, in der auch Daten zur psychischen Gesundheit der Kinder erhoben wurden, gehen wir der Frage nach, inwieweit die soziale Herkunft über die Gesundheit der Kinder deren Bildungschancen beeinflußt. Komplette längsschnittlich erhobene Datensätze liegen für 405 Befragte vor. Die Analysen zeigen einen klaren Zusammenhang zwischen Schicht, Bildung und sozialer Mobilität der Eltern und Gesundheit der Kinder, wobei die Bildungsressourcen der Eltern am wichtigsten sind. Kinder in einer mäßig guten psychischen Verfassung haben nur eine halb so große Chance, einen hohen Bildungsabschluß zu erreichen, wie Kinder in guter psychischer Verfassung. Für Kinder in schlechter psychischer Verfassung ist die Chance sogar nur ein Drittel so groß. Die Gesundheit spielt aber keine große Rolle für die Erklärung schichtspezifischer Bildungschancen, da ihr Einfluß auf die Bildungschancen größtenteils unabhängig von den Herkunftseffekten ist." (Autorenreferat).

"Auf der Grundlage einer Längsschnittstudie zur intergenerationalen Bildungsvererbung in Island, in der auch Daten zur psychischen Gesundheit der Kinder erhoben wurden, gehen wir der Frage nach, inwieweit die soziale Herkunft über die Gesundheit der Kinder deren Bildungschancen beeinflußt. Komplette längsschnittlich erhobene Datensätze liegen für 405 Befragte vor. Die Analysen zeigen einen klaren Zusammenhang zwischen Schicht, Bildung und sozialer Mobilität der Eltern und Gesundheit der Kinder, wobei die Bildungsressourcen der Eltern am wichtigsten sind. Kinder in einer mäßig guten psychischen Verfassung haben nur eine halb so große Chance, einen hohen Bildungsabschluß zu erreichen, wie Kinder in guter psychischer Verfassung. Für Kinder in schlechter psychischer Verfassung ist die Chance sogar nur ein Drittel so groß. Die Gesundheit spielt aber keine große Rolle für die Erklärung schichtspezifischer Bildungschancen, da ihr Einfluß auf die Bildungschancen größtenteils unabhängig von den Herkunftseffekten ist." (Autorenreferat)

Parental influence on friendships between native (N = 5,683) and immigrant (N = 3,371) adolescents (aged ± 15) was investigated with the CILS4EU data of pupils in German and Dutch school classes (N = 446) and parents. The researchers examined whether parents affect friendships across group boundaries by shaping the structural opportunities to establish out‐group friends and their children's out‐group attitudes. The results show that if parents have more out‐group friends and if they consider it less important to maintain in‐group traditions, their children have more out‐group friends. Part of this relationship is mediated by children's out‐group attitudes. Some evidence is found that the opportunity structure mediates the relationship between parental characteristics and adolescent out‐group friendship.