Suchergebnisse

The historical rise of European foreign, security, and defense policy marks an important development in European politics and world politics more broadly. Long thought unlikely to amount to much, European integration in the domains of traditional "high politics" has consolidated bit by bit since the mid-1990s, under the auspices of a common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and a pan-European security and defense policy (ESDP). Accordingly, European affairs in these areas have attracted increased scholarly interest. In a variety of books as well as journal articles, scholars from diverse theoretical and intellectual backgrounds have argued that European integration in these policy areas has gained considerable substance—while offering very different causal accounts for why this has occurred. These different theoretical and empirical investigations together produce a new field of study with its own research questions, vocabulary, and search for causal explanations. IR theory is now engaging fully with European integration studies and vice versa. Paradoxically, this takes place in precisely those policy areas in which European integration had long been the weakest and least developed. This article explores and evaluates this new literature that analyzes why, compared with even the very recent past, a European foreign and security policy has emerged and apparently solidified.

The Fiscal Impact of New Australians model (FIONA) has been developed by The Treasury to estimate the fiscal impact of permanent migrants over their remaining lifetimes in Australia. This estimate captures tax revenues and government expenses incurred by Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments that are directly attributable to migrants. This paper presents the methodological approach used in FIONA along with the main modelling results. These include that: - the 2018-19 permanent migrant cohort is fiscally positive at both the Commonwealth, and State and Territory levels, - migrants from the Skill stream have the most positive lifetime fiscal impact, followed by the Family stream and the Humanitarian stream, - the main drivers of fiscal impact are the age at which migrants arrive in Australia and their labour market performance.

Enthält Rezensionen u.a. von: Checkel, Jeffrey T.: International institutions and socialization in Europe. - New York/N.Y. : Cambridge University Press, 2007