Suchergebnisse

As increased migration, particularly to urban centres, and digitalisation play a greater role in development cooperation, more research on how these phenomena interact will become critical. Information communication technologies (ICTs) offer pathways for potentially making it easier for migrants to settle in, whether it be through e-government programmes or by accessing social networks that can help in finding housing and work. To better understand how ICTs fit into urban migrants' lives, we gathered new survey data in Bogota comparing how long-term residents, short-term residents, and Venezuelan migrants access and use ICTs. We identified a new factor that influences internet access among migrants after controlling for economic and social factors: duration of time in a neighbourhood. While migrants initially lag behind their neighbours in ICT and internet access, the longer they stay in one neighbourhood, the more likely they are to gain access to these technologies. Indeed, over time, our data shows that migrants become more likely than their neighbours to gain access to ICTs and the internet when they continue to stay in the same neighbourhood. Our results also show that uptake of e-government services remains a challenge. Citizens generally do not interact with their governments more than a few times a year, and migrants may not interact at all. Especially when working with vulnerable or "hidden" populations, development organisations need to put significant resources into education and outreach so that the populations they are trying to reach know about e-government services, and their value. The data collected in Bogota paints a potentially positive picture about using ICTs with migrants and migrant communities. By effectively engaging migrants early on and meeting basic initial needs such as housing or access to identification, development and humanitarian agencies could help migrants gain greater access to ICTs and make use of e-government platforms.

German and European efforts to reduce irregular migration, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa, place a great emphasis on development co-operation. The aim is for this to eliminate as many causes of such migration as possible. This raises questions concerning the interrelation of development and migration. In the academic debate, it is well established that socio-economic development promotes migration rather than reducing it. But this causal relationship is not as clear-cut as the corresponding "migration hump" model suggests. It is evident that migration decisions are also in-fluenced by further factors. It is therefore problematic when policy makers use this apparent evidence to assume stopping development aid will stop migration. The con-text of migration and development needs to be analysed with an eye towards managing multiple drivers of migration. Donor countries should also utilize development policy approaches that lead to co-operation with African partner states. (author's abstract)

Bei den deutschen und europäischen Bemühungen, die irreguläre Zuwanderung vor
allem aus Subsahara-Afrika zu verringern, ruhen große Hoffnungen auf der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit.
Sie soll helfen, möglichst viele Ursachen für solche Wanderungen
zu beseitigen. In allen einschlägigen Konzepten wird ihr eine Schlüsselrolle zugewiesen.
Dies wirft grundsätzliche Fragen nach dem Zusammenhang von Entwicklung
und Migration auf. In der wissenschaftlichen Debatte gilt seit längerem als belegt, dass
sozioökonomische Entwicklung Migration fördert, statt sie zu reduzieren. Tatsächlich
aber ist diese Kausalbeziehung nicht so eindeutig, wie es das entsprechende Modell des
»migration hump« suggeriert. Offenbar werden Wanderungsentscheidungen durch
weitere Faktoren beeinflusst. Daher ist es problematisch, wenn die Politik diese Scheinevidenz
aufgreift und daraus simple Strategien ableitet. Der Kontext von Migration
und Entwicklung muss differenzierter analysiert werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich
entwicklungspolitische Ansätze auch für die Zusammenarbeit mit afrikanischen Partnerstaaten
gewinnen. (Autorenreferat)