Suchergebnisse

Evidence from Nicaragua and El Salvador indicates that substantial numbers of women from humble backgrounds have participated in those nations' guerrilla armies, and not simply in support roles but as combat soldiers as well. This article analyzes the dynamics of societal change by which nonelite women are mobilized for participation in guerrilla insurgencies. The rapid social, economic, and demographic changes that accompany dependent modes of development erode the stability of rural social structures and contribute to male spouse abandonment of the family. Impoverished female heads of households have become involved in grass roots organizations whose programs address their immediate economic distress and mobilize them for collective action in support of economic and political reforms. When the regime represses this political activism, it seldom discriminates between males and females in the application of repression. Faced with the threat of violence, women have joined insurgent organizations that promise, if nothing else, security from state repression.

Presents evidence which indicates that substantial numbers of women from humble backgrounds have participated in guerrilla armies, and not simply in support roles but as combat soldiers as well. Analyzes the dynamics of societal change by which nonelite women are mobilized for participation in guerrilla insurgencies. (Abstract amended)

Examines involvement in guerrilla insurgencies caused by both dependent development and state repression; emphasis on Nicaragua and El Salvador.

Influence of Gorbachev's domestic policies on a change from reliance on military power to a cultivation of economic interdependence.

Economic theory frequently uses ceteris paribus assumptions to hold complicating variables constant to analyze the effect of one variable on another. Policy-makers must consider effects of policies with other things changing as they will (ie mutatis mutandis). Argues that impact assessment can reconcile the often narrow approach of economic analysis and the need for broad consideration of implications; its methods provide a proper place for economic analysis in policy assessment. (Abstract amended)

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the political impact of the PDC's land reform program of 1980. The emergence of revolution is explained as the erosion of clientelist political structures that resulted from the rapid population growth and the shift to export agricultural products over the course of the last century. Within this analytical framework, a mode is derived to specify the relationships among land reform, oligarchic repression, insurgent violence, and the level of popular support for the regime

Based on conference paper. Political impact of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) land reform programs of 1980.

The civil war in El Salvador has produced, on the one hand, a struggle between the existing regime and a coalition of insurgent military and political organizations and, on the other hand, a struggle within the regime between the landed oligarchy and the reform-minded politicians of the Christian Democratic Party. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the political impact of the PDC's land reform program of 1980. The emergence of revolution is explained as the erosion of clientelist political structures that resulted from the rapid population growth and the shift to export agriculture over the course of the last century. Within this analytical framework, a model is derived to specify the relationships among land reform, oligarchic repression, insurgent violence, and the level of popular support for the regime. It is hypothesized that levels of support for the regime will be greatest in those political subdivisions in which land reform has been implemented and in which death squad violence had been curbed, and that this relationship should be strongest and most stable when the reforms create peasant cooperatives rather than individual smallholdings.