Suchergebnisse

Investigates the role of direct foreign investment (DFI) in promoting employment in host regions in the European Union (EU). A theoretical framework is developed which suggests that the initial impact of DFI on employment is likely to be small and mainly linked to the creation of low skilled jobs with the loss of employment in host economies due to the displacement of domestic output by increased exports from the parent companies of subsidiaries. However, in the longer term, DFI flows should diversify the operations of subsidiaries thereby inducing a change in the pattern of jobs in host regions. The framework is assessed using evidence from a survey of German subsidiaries in north‐west England. Concludes with some policy implications and a future research agenda to expand and develop knowledge in this area.

Introduction: The Rise of Multinationals from Emerging Economies: Achieving a New Balance PART I: KEYNOTES AND PANEL SESSIONS Part I: Keynotes and Panel Sessions 1. Keynotes 2. Implications for International Business of Separatist Movements: The Case of Scottish Independence 3. Geography and History Matter: A Record of the Panel Session on International Business and Economic Geography Perspectives on the Spatial and Historical Development of Multinational Enterprises PART II: RISE OF EMNES 4. Institutions and Investments by Emerging Economy Multinationals in Developed Economies: Solar PV Firms and the Role of Political Authorities in Germany 5. Neither Western not Indian: HRM Policy in an Indian Multinational 6. Against All Odds! A Strategic Analysis of the Failures of Three State-owned Firms PART III: DMNES PERFORMANCE/SURVIVAL IN EMERGING ECONOMIES 7. Subsidiary Survival of Multinational Enterprises in China: An Analysis of Nordic firms 8. Control Position Strategy, Cultural Distance, Conflict Resolution Strategies and Performance of International Joint Ventures 9. Determinants of Foreign Firms' Collective Action in Emerging Economies: Evidence from India PART IV: COMING IN AND GOING OUT: DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN FOREIGN AND LOCAL FIRMS 10. Human Capital and Conflict Management in the Entrepreneur-Venture Capitalist Relationship: The Entrepreneurs' Perspective 11. International Joint Ventures and Dynamic Co-learning between MNEs and Local Firms 12. Industry Factors Influencing International New Ventures' Internationalisation Processes 13. Do Foreign Ownership Modes Matter for FDI Spillovers?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between the strategic development of subsidiaries and the likelihood of subsidiaries exporting on an intra‐regional basis to European markets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper defines the strategic development of subsidiaries as increases in autonomy, embeddedness in host locations and use of networks and host country sourcing. The location of subsidiaries in industrial clusters is also considered. Use is made of multinomial probit analysis of a survey of 391 UK‐based subsidiaries to identify the relationships between the strategic development of subsidiaries and supplying European markets.FindingsThe study finds some evidence that there are links between increasing networks and supplying European markets, but there is no evidence that developing host country sourcing is associated with European supply. Location in an industrial cluster is consistently associated with supplying European markets, and autonomy also appears to be closely associated with supplying European markets.Research limitations/implicationsExtension of the research is required to other regional trade blocs such as Mercosur and North American Free Trade Agreement. The role of networks and the links to location in industrial clusters require further exploration, and future research needs to include the services and knowledge‐intensive sectors.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the understanding of subsidiary development in the context of intra‐regional trading and thereby expands the literature on the regional strategy of multinationals. It highlights the importance of different types of autonomy for encouraging intra‐regional trade by foreign‐owned subsidiaries, and the central role of location in industrial clusters.

This paper investigates the development of domestic sourcing by foreign-owned subsidiaries (FOS) in the UK. The regional development and international-business literatures are used to develop a conceptual framework on the links between autonomy, the use of networks, and domestic sourcing. Data from a survey of German, French, and US FOS in the UK is used to test the model. The results indicate that increased use of networks and increased operational decision-making autonomy are associated with increased domestic sourcing, but that only a minority of FOS are increasing their use of domestic sourcing. The growing importance of global sourcing is considered as a possible explanation for the low proportion of FOS that are increasing their use of domestic sourcing. The implications for regional-development policy of the findings are also assessed.

The authors use international business strategy and regional development literature to inform a set of propositions about the links between direct employment by foreign-owned subsidiaries in the manufacturing sector and the development of embeddedness and autonomy in these subsidiaries. A large-scale survey of French, German, and US manufacturing subsidiaries in the United Kingdom is used to test the importance of embeddedness (host-country sourcing and use of networks) and autonomy (decisionmaking and operational autonomy) for the growth of employment by foreign-owned subsidiaries and the growth of skilled jobs in such subsidiaries. The results indicate that growth of embeddedness and autonomy factors are important, especially for the growth of skilled jobs, but those subsidiaries that have this attribute are a minority of foreign-owned subsidiaries. In the light of these results, the authors argue that policies need to be geared towards developing embeddedness and encouraging the growth of autonomy in subsidiaries that are likely to be regarded as central to the overall objectives of multinational corporations (MNCs). This requires policymakers to be aware of the internationalisation strategies used by MNCs, particularly in the light of the emergence of new, low-cost, countries which can easily provide high-quality but low-cost manufacturing operations. An important conclusion is that simple promotion of networking among firms and supporting agencies, and attempts to improve the local asset pool are unlikely to be effective in most cases.

This paper examines the relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and employment using international business strategy literature to identify the factors influencing the development of subsidiaries that might affect employment growth in host regions. A survey of German subsidiaries in North West England is used to test the significance of the variables that are identified as likely to affect employment. The results of logit regression indicate that entry mode, technology transfer, and firm age affect the growth of employment. The study also highlights that other factors, such as sector, organisational structure, the level of diversification of operations by subsidiaries in the local economy, and range of markets supplied may have important affects on employment. The research indicates that further conceptual and empirical work is required to clarify our understanding of how the organisational, operational, and diversification characteristics of subsidiaries affect employment.