Suchergebnisse

Italy is a state, standing at the crossroads of federalisation. This article traces the ideational and practical application of the federalisation process in Italy, from the lenses of the constructivist institutional theory by Colin Hay and with the application of process-tracing methodology. The research is concentred on the critical junctures and the ideas behind each stage of federalisation since the Tangentopoli crisis of the 1990s. The research findings demonstrate that, firstly, federalisation in Italy is an elite-driven process, where the politicians' interpretation of Italian federalism affects the outcome of institutional change. Secondly, federalism is a politicised idea, which Italian society and political elite interpret as "the tool for efficient governance" or "the remedy for corruption". Thirdly, federalism is a supplementary topic in the Italian discourse, which yields ideas connected with economic, social, and political reforms. However, federalism can be used to reinforce the policies from these three layers.

A glimpse of India's updated economic condition was briefly highlighted in June 2021 by Shashi Tharoor (Member of Parliament, writer etc.) through his tweet which reads as follows "In the Modi government's second term, India has slipped from 94 to 111 on the Human Freedom Index, from 79 to 105 in Global Economic Freedom Index, from 129 to 131 in UNDP's Human Development Report….".However no matter what the genuine official records manifest, our heads of governments bureaucrats ,officials have the audacity to release and highlight reports regarding the expectancy of India becoming one of the strongest economies soon. On one side we have inspiring statements made by our Hon'ble members of legal fraternity(Justice DY Chandrachud and Hrishikesh Roy maintained in case of July 2021) such as "India can't have two parallel legal systems, one for the rich and the resourceful and those who wield political power and influence and other side, there is brutal treatment and atrocities inflicted upon intoxicated prisoners to bring them under control and the authorities claim to have no idea about the supply of contraband to wretched prisoners. The reason for contrasting the statements regarding economic condition and legal system of India is the fact that effective legal system compliments economic prosperity. It's ludicrous that our talented, efficient administrators and other official's despite of being very well aware about this fact seem not enough interested to make efforts for ensuring effectiveness in both, as our countries economic condition continues to remain in a state of deterioration. The report published by Task Force on Justice (April 2019) states "Providing universal access to basic justice could serve the global economy billions of dollars every year, as lost income and stress related illness due to seeking legal redress can cost countries up to 3% of annual GDP. There are various other such reports that emphasize the significance of a proper, strong legal framework in catalyzing economic progress of a country ...

El soporte de proyección, junto a los avances tecnológicos y la hibridación entre arte y ciencia, se ha convertido en un espacio de experimentación abierto a ser conquistado y reconstruido. La tecnología, por tanto, ha conseguido que la instalación, gracias al uso de soportes de proyección inéditos, sea capaz de esculpir nuevos espacios capaces de reconfigurar la realidad, readaptándola y creando una nueva forma de expresión plástica. Es así como la pantalla, frágil y evasiva, todavía resulta difícil de atrapar en conceptos, pues los límites de esta nueva realidad flexible se muestran inabarcables. Sin embargo, existen trabajos donde el soporte se convierte en lugar, en espacio habitado, y el material se desvanece, se difumina, desaparece frente a nuestra mirada para brindarnos una nueva realidad, un nuevo espacio abierto a la experiencia más allá de lo emocional, psicológico y perceptivo, un espacio que se presenta palpable, a través del que nos asomamos, como si de una ventana se tratase, para ver más allá de lo imaginable, cuestionándonos la realidad misma y concediéndonos el privilegio de expandir nuestros propios límites de comprensión.

El interior doméstico ha funcionado como extensión de autoridad estatal y moral en Suecia desde principios del siglo 20. En concreto, adquirió un papel protagonista durante los años 30, en la construcción de la 'Folkhemmet'. Las 'domesticidades teatralizadas' configuraron un dispositivo mass media tridimensional de aplicación de las nuevas técnicas de gobierno sexual y espacial. Así, la triada compuesta por la arquitectura, el diseño, y las políticas corporales, produjo una nueva heteronorma que se convertiría en un significante global de progreso, salud y civismo a lo largo del siglo 20. El caso sueco ilustra la relación existente entre la arquitectura moderna y la producción del género donde la domesticidad emerge como fenómeno arquitectónico de gran fuerza biopolítica capaz de modelar la vida y la sexualidad, señalando así el nexo interescalar que siempre existió entre las realidades cotidianas a pequeña escala y las relaciones de poder que dan forma al mundo. ; The domestic interior has been used as an extension of state authority and morale since the beginning of the 20th century. Chiefly, it acquired an explicit and unquestionable weight in the construction of the Swedish Social Democratic project in the 1930s. 'Staged domesticities' worked as 3D, mass media sites of application of the new techniques of sexual and spatial governance. The triad of architecture, design, and body politics defined and effectively produced a new heteronormativity that would become a global signifier of progress, health, and urbanity over the 20th century. The Swedish case is a very helpful way to underline the existing relationship between modern architecture and the production of gender. Domesticity emerges here as an architectural phenomenon with great biopolitical power: the power to model life, politics and sexuality, signalling the interscalar nexus that always existed between small-scale domestic realities and power relationships which give shape to the world.

This work deals with political and economic phenomena that express changes and permanence in the agrarian structure, centered on uses and livestock systems. Changes that led to usurpatory acts of community heritage with incidence in the forms of transition, compromising the peasant organization. It analyzes the contradictions that customary practices cross with the advance of agrarian individualism, redefined under the impact of feudalization. It covers processes of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in the territories of Castile with an emphasis on private property rights over land and legal conflicts that reflect the dissolution of the allodium and its implications on feudal income. He appeals to the contributions of Marx and Weber to investigate market factors and coercive instruments, analyzing the role of the centralized State in long-term socioeconomic dynamics. ; Este trabajo aborda fenómenos políticos y económicos que expresan cambios y permanencias en la estructura agraria, centrada en usos y sistemas ganaderos. Cambios que comportaron actos usurpatorios del patrimonio comunitario con incidencia en las formas de transición, comprometiendo la organización alodial campesina. Analiza las contradicciones que atraviesan las prácticas consuetudinarias con el avance del individualismo agrario, redefinidas bajo el impacto de la feudalización. Abarca procesos de los siglos XIII y XIV en territorios de Castilla con énfasis en los derechos de propiedad privada sobre la tierra y conflictos legales que reflejan la disolución del alodio y sus implicancias en la renta feudal. Apela a los aportes de Marx y Weber para indagar factores de mercado e instrumentos coactivos, analizando el rol del Estado centralizado en la dinámica socioeconómica de larga duración. ; Este artigo aborda fenômenos políticos e econômicos que expressam mudanças e permanências na estrutura agrária, centradas nos usos e sistemas pecuários. Mudanças que implicaram atos usurpativos do patrimônio da comunidade com incidência nas formas de transição, comprometendo a organização alodial camponesa. Analise as contradições que atravessam práticas consuetudinárias com o avanço do individualismo agrário, redefinido sob o impacto da feudalização. Abrange processos dos séculos XIII e XIV nos territórios de Castela com ênfase nos direitos da propriedade privada sobre a terra e conflitos legais que refletem a dissolução do Alodium e suas implicações na renda feudal. Apela às contribuições de Marx e Weber para investigar fatores de mercado e instrumentos coercitivos, analisando o papel do Estado centralizado na dinâmica socioeconômica de longo prazo.

Abstract
For years, the U.S. government has been waging counterterrorism campaigns against al-Qaida and other armed groups in safe havens and weak states. What explains the effectiveness of such campaigns? The variation in effectiveness may result from differences in select tactical, organizational, and technological capabilities of the counterterrorism state and its local partner, captured by the concept of the Legibility and Speed-of-Exploitation System (L&S). Empirical studies, including novel fieldwork data, on the U.S. drone war in Pakistan's Waziristan region from 2004 to 2014 reveal the influence of the L&S on targeted groups. From 2004 to 2007, a lack of U.S. counterterrorism capabilities aligning with the L&S allowed both al-Qaida and the Pakistan Taliban to build their operational infrastructure, expand their bases, engage in extensive recruitment drives, and broker important local alliances. In contrast, as the United States made substantial improvements in the L&S from 2008 to 2014, the campaigns against both groups became increasingly effective. Both al-Qaida and the Pakistan Taliban experienced sustained reductions in operational capabilities, losses of bases, and high desertion rates; they also faced growing political challenges, including from within their own organizations. These findings contrast with the view that counterterrorism offers short-term gains at best and is counterproductive at worst.

The aim of this article is to translate religious practices of Muslims in Kashmir in the backdrop of changing contexts of communication. This article attempts to look at the ways in which religion and media intersect in the spaces of political, social and cultural practices in the Muslim society of Kashmir. The article derives its basis from the close assessment of historical and ethnographic methods employed while studying the relationship between media and religion in Kashmir. To explore whether the transition from one mode of communication to another contributes in refiguring a distinctive religious practice, this article looks at media forms such as orality, manuscript tradition, printing technology, radio, television, cassettes and new media technologies in Kashmir. The article argues that it is not possible to fully understand either media or Islamic traditions in the region without making reference to each other. Islam and media in Kashmir have never been two separate realms and therefore Islam in Kashmir cannot be defined outside the forms and practices of mediation that define it.