Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Cet article traite d'un aspect particulier - mais révélateur - du système éducatif suédois : le niveau préscolaire. En s'appuyant sur une mise en perspective historique qui couvre la période qui va des années 1930 à la période contemporaine, cet article montre l'importance des enjeux idéologiques derrière le développement des services à la petite enfance. Il montre entre autres que si l'objectif principal a longtemps été d'offrir aux familles des structures d'accueil pour que les mères puissent être actives sur le marché du travail, l'accent s'est petit à petit déplacé vers des objectifs pédagogiques qui visent à former de bons citoyens et à promouvoir l'égalité des chances dès le plus jeune âge.

national hearing This article deals with a particular — but revealing — aspect of the Swedish education system: the pre-school level. Based on a historical perspective covering the period from the 1930s to the contemporary period, this article shows the importance of the ideological challenges behind the development of early childhood services. It shows, among other things, that while the main objective has long been to provide families with childcare facilities so that mothers can be active in the labour market, the focus has gradually shifted towards educational objectives that aim to train good citizens and promote equal opportunities from an early age. ; National audience Cet article traite d'un aspect particulier - mais révélateur - du système éducatif suédois : le niveau préscolaire. En s'appuyant sur une mise en perspective historique qui couvre la période qui va des années 1930 à la période contemporaine, cet article montre l'importance des enjeux idéologiques derrière le développement des services à la petite enfance. Il montre entre autres que si l'objectif principal a longtemps été d'offrir aux familles des structures d'accueil pour que les mères puissent être actives sur le marché du travail, l'accent s'est petit à petit déplacé vers des objectifs pédagogiques qui visent à former de bons citoyens et à promouvoir l'égalité des chances dès le plus jeune âge.

National audience ; Cet article traite d'un aspect particulier - mais révélateur - du système éducatif suédois : le niveau préscolaire. En s'appuyant sur une mise en perspective historique qui couvre la période qui va des années 1930 à la période contemporaine, cet article montre l'importance des enjeux idéologiques derrière le développement des services à la petite enfance. Il montre entre autres que si l'objectif principal a longtemps été d'offrir aux familles des structures d'accueil pour que les mères puissent être actives sur le marché du travail, l'accent s'est petit à petit déplacé vers des objectifs pédagogiques qui visent à former de bons citoyens et à promouvoir l'égalité des chances dès le plus jeune âge.

This work analyses the contents and transformations of the Swedish welfare state through the lens of elderly-care and childcare policies from 1930 to 2005. First, we seek to analyse the institutional characteristics and ideological content of the Swedish welfare state, especially in the field of care policies, which are central to the Swedish model and largely contribute to its specificity. We consider the welfare state as a specific social contract between the state and its citizens and analyse how the "boundaries" of the welfare state have been defined, that is to say how the fields of intervention considered as legitimate and the means of state intervention considered as appropriate have been defined in Sweden. Secondly, we analyse the transformations of the Swedish welfare state, not only from a political economy perspective but also from a more sociological perspective that considers the changing nature of State-society relations that these transformations entail. We analyse the processes of reform and restructuring in the two fields of care, the logics that have underpinned these reforms, the determining factors behind them, and their impact. We are thus able to test the hypothesis of a possible redefinition of the specific social contract between state and society. Although these policies have indeed undergone some changes during the crisis years, our analysis shows great stability in both the underlying principles and institutions of the Swedish welfare state, which have created a strong amount of support but also high expectations from the population, thus contributing to the normative resilience but also to the capacity of adaptation of the Swedish model. ; Ce travail analyse le contenu et les transformations du modèle suédois d'Etat-providence à travers l'étude des politiques de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes et des jeunes enfants de 1930 à 2005. Nous avons d'abord cherché à analyser et expliquer la teneur institutionnelle et idéologique de l'Etat-providence suédois à travers le domaine du care qui est central au modèle suédois et participe largement de sa spécificité. Nous avons considéré l'Etat-providence comme un contrat social spécifique entre l'Etat et ses citoyens et regardé comment se sont définies les "frontières" de l'Etat-providence, c'est-à-dire comment se sont définis les domaines légitimes et les modalités d'intervention de l'Etat en Suède. Nous avons ensuite analysé les transformations de l'Etat-providence suédois non pas seulement d'un point de vue politico-économique, mais aussi d'un point de vue plus sociologique, en retraçant les évolutions des rapports Etat-société qu'induisent ces transformations. Nous avons analysé les réformes successives dans les deux domaines, les logiques qui les ont guidées, les facteurs qui les ont déterminées, mais aussi l'impact de ces réformes. Nous avons ainsi pu tester l'hypothèse d'une éventuelle remise en cause du contrat social spécifique entre l'Etat et la société en Suède. Si on observe bien des transformations de ces deux politiques pendant les années de crise, notre analyse montre néanmoins une grande stabilité des principes et des institutions de l'Etat-providence suédois, qui a su susciter auprès de la population le soutien et les attentes qui participent de la solidité normative mais aussi des capacités d'adaptation du modèle.

This work analyses the contents and transformations of the Swedish welfare state through the lens of elderly-care and childcare policies from 1930 to 2005. The aim has been, first, to analyse and explain the institutional characteristics and ideological content of the Swedish welfare state, especially in the field of care policies, which are central to the Swedish welfare model and largely contribute to its specificity. We have considered the Swedish welfare state as a specific social contract between the state and its citizens and we have analysed how the " boundaries " of the welfare state have been defined, that is to say how the fields of intervention considered as legitimate and the means of state intervention considered as appropriate have progressively been defined. The second aim of this work has been to analyse the transformations of the Swedish welfare state not - or not only - from a political economy perspective, which has largely dominated the literature on welfare state reforms, but rather from a more sociological perspective which considers the changing nature of the relations between the state and society that these reforms and transformations entail. We have thus analysed the processes of reform and restructuring in the fields of elderly-care and childcare policies, the logics that have underpinned these reforms, and the determining factors (especially the ideological, economical, and political factors) behind these reforms. We have also sought to evaluate the impact of the reforms. It is through this combined analysis of the reforms, their rational and their impact that we have been able to test the hypothesis of a possible redefinition of the specific social contract between state and society. Our analysis of the reforms has shown diverging trends in the two fields under study: there has been a targeting and focusing of resources on the people most in need in the case of elderly-care, but a dilution of resources in order to cover a greater number of children in the field of childcare. Although ...

This article analyses the patterns of reform in care policies in Bismarckian welfare systems since the early 1980s. Based on a comparison of France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, the article shows that these reforms share similar logics and trajectories, which can be explained by the shared conservative and corporatist traits of Bismarckian labour markets and welfare state institutions and their impact on labour market adjustment possibilities and preferences. Indeed, we argue that care policy reforms have been very closely linked to specific employment strategies, and the politics of welfare without work and subsequent attempts to shift away from such a labour-shedding strategy go a long way in explaining both the nature and the timing of child- and elder-care policy reforms in Bismarckian welfare systems. The article also shows how a focus on promoting 'free choice' in all four countries has justified the introduction of measures that have simultaneously reinforced social stratification in terms of access to the labour market - meaning that some women have much more 'free choice' than others - and weakened certain labour market rigidities. To conclude, we argue that care policy reforms have provided a backdoor for the introduction of labour-cheapening measures and for increasing employment flexibility in otherwise very rigid labour markets.

In English-speaking countries and Scandinavia, where feminist and gender studies have developed over the past thirty years, the issue of sex and then of gender has led to a very fertile renewal of social policy analysis, in particular in the field of comparative welfare state studies. By insisting on the cultural, social, normative and historical construction of welfare states and social policies, this approach sheds light on the societal paradigms that define how social policies are drawn up and their impact in terms of gender. It enables us to undertake a critical, original examination of the concepts, theories and analytical tools traditionally used in comparative welfare state litterature. This article presents an inventory of the theoretical advances made in writings on this topic. ; Dans les pays anglo-saxons et scandinaves, où les études féministes et de genre se sont largement développées au cours des 30 dernières années, l'introduction de la question du sexe puis du genre a permis un renouvellement théorique très fécond en politique sociale, en particulier pour l'analyse comparative des États-providence. Ces approches insistent sur la construction historique, culturelle, sociale et normative des États-providence et des politiques sociales, permettant ainsi de mettre en lumière les paradigmes sociétaux qui définissent l'élaboration des politiques sociales et l'impact sexué de ces politiques. Ces approches permettent surtout un questionnement critique et original au niveau des concepts, des théories et des outils d'analyse traditionnellement utilisés dans les analyses comparatives sur l'État-providence. Ce texte se propose de dresser un état des lieux des apports théoriques de cette littérature.

International audience ; Dans les pays anglo-saxons et scandinaves, où les études féministes et de genre se sont largement développées au cours des trente dernières années, l'introduction de la question du sexe puis du genre a permis un renouvellement théorique très fécond en politique sociale, en particulier pour l'analyse comparative des États-providence. Ces approches insistent sur la construction historique, culturelle, sociale et normative des États-providence et des politiques sociales, permettant ainsi de mettre en lumière les paradigmes sociétaux qui définissent l'élaboration des politiques sociales et l'impact sexué de ces politiques. Ces approches permettent surtout un questionnement critique et original au niveau des concepts, des théories et des outils d'analyse traditionnellement utilisés dans les analyses comparatives sur l'État-providence. Ce texte se propose de dresser un état des lieux des apports théoriques de cette littérature.

This work analyses the contents and transformations of the Swedish welfare state through the lens of elderly-care and childcare policies from 1930 to 2005. First, we seek to analyse the institutional characteristics and ideological content of the Swedish welfare state, especially in the field of care policies, which are central to the Swedish model and largely contribute to its specificity. We consider the welfare state as a specific social contract between the state and its citizens and analyse how the "boundaries" of the welfare state have been defined, that is to say how the fields of intervention considered as legitimate and the means of state intervention considered as appropriate have been defined in Sweden. Secondly, we analyse the transformations of the Swedish welfare state, not only from a political economy perspective but also from a more sociological perspective that considers the changing nature of State-society relations that these transformations entail. We analyse the processes of reform and restructuring in the two fields of care, the logics that have underpinned these reforms, the determining factors behind them, and their impact. We are thus able to test the hypothesis of a possible redefinition of the specific social contract between state and society. Although these policies have indeed undergone some changes during the crisis years, our analysis shows great stability in both the underlying principles and institutions of the Swedish welfare state, which have created a strong amount of support but also high expectations from the population, thus contributing to the normative resilience but also to the capacity of adaptation of the Swedish model. ; Ce travail analyse le contenu et les transformations du modèle suédois d'Etat-providence à travers l'étude des politiques de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes et des jeunes enfants de 1930 à 2005. Nous avons d'abord cherché à analyser et expliquer la teneur institutionnelle et idéologique de l'Etat-providence suédois à travers le ...

This article analyses the patterns of reform in care policies in Bismarckian welfare systems since the early 1980s. Based on a comparison of France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, the article shows that these reforms share similar logics and trajectories, which can be explained by the shared conservative and corporatist traits of Bismarckian labour markets and welfare state institutions and their impact on labour market adjustment possibilities and preferences. Indeed, we argue that care policy reforms have been very closely linked to specific employment strategies, and the politics of welfare without work and subsequent attempts to shift away from such a labour-shedding strategy go a long way in explaining both the nature and the timing of child- and elder-care policy reforms in Bismarckian welfare systems. The article also shows how a focus on promoting 'free choice' in all four countries has justified the introduction of measures that have simultaneously reinforced social stratification in terms of access to the labour market - meaning that some women have much more 'free choice' than others - and weakened certain labour market rigidities. To conclude, we argue that care policy reforms have provided a backdoor for the introduction of labour-cheapening measures and for increasing employment flexibility in otherwise very rigid labour markets.

In English-speaking countries and Scandinavia, where feminist and gender studies have developed over the past thirty years, the issue of sex and then of gender has led to a very fertile renewal of social policy analysis, in particular in the field of comparative welfare state studies. By insisting on the cultural, social, normative and historical construction of welfare states and social policies, this approach sheds light on the societal paradigms that define how social policies are drawn up and their impact in terms of gender. It enables us to undertake a critical, original examination of the concepts, theories and analytical tools traditionally used in comparative welfare state litterature. This article presents an inventory of the theoretical advances made in writings on this topic. ; Dans les pays anglo-saxons et scandinaves, où les études féministes et de genre se sont largement développées au cours des 30 dernières années, l'introduction de la question du sexe puis du genre a permis un renouvellement théorique très fécond en politique sociale, en particulier pour l'analyse comparative des États-providence. Ces approches insistent sur la construction historique, culturelle, sociale et normative des États-providence et des politiques sociales, permettant ainsi de mettre en lumière les paradigmes sociétaux qui définissent l'élaboration des politiques sociales et l'impact sexué de ces politiques. Ces approches permettent surtout un questionnement critique et original au niveau des concepts, des théories et des outils d'analyse traditionnellement utilisés dans les analyses comparatives sur l'État-providence. Ce texte se propose de dresser un état des lieux des apports théoriques de cette littérature.

Abstract This article analyses the patterns of reform in care policies in Bismarckian welfare systems since the early 1980s. Based on a comparison of France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, the article shows that these reforms share similar logics and trajectories, which can be explained by the shared conservative and corporatist traits of Bismarckian labour markets and welfare state institutions and their impact on labour market adjustment possibilities and preferences. Indeed, we argue that care policy reforms have been very closely linked to specific employment strategies, and the politics of welfare without work and subsequent attempts to shift away from such a labour‐shedding strategy go a long way in explaining both the nature and the timing of child‐ and elder‐care policy reforms in Bismarckian welfare systems. The article also shows how a focus on promoting 'free choice' in all four countries has justified the introduction of measures that have simultaneously reinforced social stratification in terms of access to the labour market – meaning that some women have much more 'free choice' than others – and weakened certain labour market rigidities. To conclude, we argue that care policy reforms have provided a backdoor for the introduction of labour‐cheapening measures and for increasing employment flexibility in otherwise very rigid labour markets.

This work analyses the contents and transformations of the Swedish welfare state through the lens of elderly-care and childcare policies from 1930 to 2005. The aim has been, first, to analyse and explain the institutional characteristics and ideological content of the Swedish welfare state, especially in the field of care policies, which are central to the Swedish welfare model and largely contribute to its specificity. We have considered the Swedish welfare state as a specific social contract between the state and its citizens and we have analysed how the " boundaries " of the welfare state have been defined, that is to say how the fields of intervention considered as legitimate and the means of state intervention considered as appropriate have progressively been defined. The second aim of this work has been to analyse the transformations of the Swedish welfare state not - or not only - from a political economy perspective, which has largely dominated the literature on welfare state reforms, but rather from a more sociological perspective which considers the changing nature of the relations between the state and society that these reforms and transformations entail. We have thus analysed the processes of reform and restructuring in the fields of elderly-care and childcare policies, the logics that have underpinned these reforms, and the determining factors (especially the ideological, economical, and political factors) behind these reforms. We have also sought to evaluate the impact of the reforms. It is through this combined analysis of the reforms, their rational and their impact that we have been able to test the hypothesis of a possible redefinition of the specific social contract between state and society. Our analysis of the reforms has shown diverging trends in the two fields under study: there has been a targeting and focusing of resources on the people most in need in the case of elderly-care, but a dilution of resources in order to cover a greater number of children in the field of childcare. Although ...