Suchergebnisse

The article defines civilization as a human community. which for a certain period of time (the process of origin, development, death or transformation of civilization) has stable special features in socio-political organization, economy and culture (science, technology, art, etc.) common spiritual values and ideals, mentality (worldview). The question of the regionality of the civilization to which Ukraine belongs, as well as its limitrophy, ie the intermediate between Western European and Eurasian civilizations, is raised. It is emphasized that Ukraine's civilizational progress in Europe is intensified by the decommunization of the social and political life of our society. Decommunization is one of the few reforms that has been implemented since the Revolution of Dignity. With the adoption of decommunization laws, the policy of changing the historical narrative and the formation of cultural memory became official and purposeful. This process has an objective basis, its cataloging was the events of Euromaidan, but even more so - the Russian war against Ukraine. At the same time, it is impossible not to mention the influence of the past on ways of thinking and social structure, ie historical memory. The article notes that the process of creating new memorable meanings in a transitional society is a necessary condition for overcoming the dualism of the historical memory of Ukrainians. In this sense, the state policy of memory should be focused on the destruction of totalitarian attitudes and stereotypes, the formation of a unifying system of values.

The article deals with the problems of social interaction of Ukrainian parish clergy of Volhynia with the representatives of the nobility in the late 16th – the first half of the 17th century. The status of parish priests in the social realities of Ukrainian society of the Polish-Lithuanian period is considered. The author concludes that the clergy of the parish level can be considered in two models. The first is a social group consisting of representatives of hereditary elders. The second is a professional corporation, which unites not only hereditary priests but also people from other social groups, including burghers and nobles, who accepted the spiritual rank and became secular priests for various reasons. It is concluded that there could be two motivations for the nobility to make such a decision. The first was the material support that a priest received when he became the rector of a church with a rich foundation. The second involved a desire to dedicate one's life to pastoral ministry, education, and research without career advancement. For example, the author analyzed the way of life and activity of two prominent representatives of the parish clergy of noble origin from Volhynia – Stefan Smotrytskyi and Fedor Meleshko. The connection of Stefan Smotrytskyi's activity with the traditions of the scientific and educational center in Ostroh and the merits of Volodymyr deacon Fedor Meleshko in the development of schooling in Volhynia are emphasized. It is concluded that role of social interaction of the parish clergy with the nobility in cultural and national movement in Ukraine in the second half of the 16th – mid-17th century was important.

The article highlights the urgency of training highly qualified and competitive engineers in the labor market under the requirements of the world economy, the level of technological development, and taking into account societal demands for the quality of educational services. International experience of training future specialists and directions of improving the skills of engineering and technical personnel are analyzed. The results of the study of educational programs for the training of future engineers in the institution of higher technical education are presented. The necessity of updating the content of education based on professional and creative training of specialists in the field of engineering has been proved, considering it as a holistic process of personal and professional development of the graduate. The pedagogical potential of social sciences and humanities about the professional development of engineering and technical specialists is presented. Interdisciplinary courses are offered, which are aimed at philosophical understanding of the socio-economic situation in the country and the world, the development of critical thinking and abilities to organize one's own business, management skills, and more. Several methodological aspects of the implementation of pedagogical innovations in higher education are substantiated, including business and role-playing games, Problem Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, Oxford Debates, group work, interactive training, and workshops. The importance of professional communication as a complex socio-psychological formation is associated with the process of training future engineers and characterizes the level of formation of integrative knowledge, professional skills, and abilities. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop highly qualified specialists' creative thinking, the initiative in decision-making, the ability to work in a team on solving philosophical issues, etc. The author has proven convincingly the urgency for preventing various forms of discrimination against people with special educational needs, as well as avoiding gender stereotypes and ideas in the institution of engineering and technical profile.

Метою дослідження є з'ясування і освітлення таких понять як «Відчутне трансцендентне» і «Припинення» в Вищому стані свідомості як компенсаторному осяянні. Автор виявив важливості і значимості зв'язку Відчутного трансцендентного і Припинення як характеристик одного конкретного явища психічного життя людини, Вищого стану свідомості як компенсаторного осяяння. Розглядається безпосередність іншого всередині самої людини, того іншого який регулює і очищує, що відображено в роздумах постмодерністів.
Методологія отримання нових знань ґрунтується на компаративному методі дослідження. Розглядались різні стани людини і різне розуміння «Відчутного трансцендентного» і «Припинення» в релігійно-містичній культурі і в сучасній філософії постмодернізму. «Відчутне трансцендентне» і «Припинення у іншого» можуть розумітися як інша людина яка має зовсім інший світогляд, зовсім інші природні властивості, а можуть розумітися як певний стан людини. В залежності від цього методологія дослідження повинна бути різною.
Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що вперше розглядається такий феномен людської природи, як Вищий стан свідомості, її компенсаторне осяяння. Сучасна філософія постмодернізму фіксує визнання людиною власного іншого всередині себе, що може бути важливим предметом дослідження. «Відчутне трансцендентне» і «Припинення» у іншого в постмодернізмі розуміються по-різному. Це і інша людина, яка має абсолютно інший світогляд, яку ніяк не зрозуміти. Але це і ВИЩИЙ стан свідомості самої людини, стан її особливого «я», коли зупиняються всі непотрібні дії. В постмодернізмі цей стан називають по-різному. Показано, що постмодернізм оперує розумінням категорій «Відчутного трансцендентного» і «Припинення у іншого» не тільки як «інша людина», але і як певний стан людини, стан Вищого, що характерно для сучасної релігійно-містичної культури.
Висновки. З'ясовано, що Вищий стан свідомості представлений в постмодернізмі як внутрішнє визнання людиною власного іншого всередині себе, може розумітися як компенсаторне осяяння, що є невід'ємним феноменом природи людини. Вищий стан свідомості припиняє усіляку неважливу діяльність. Через це йде процес очищення від застарілих, відживших своє думок і почуттів. Очищення йде в зв'язку з тим, що існують компенсаторні механізми психіки які притаманні самій природі людини, які здатні оновлювати психічні процеси. Поняття «Відчутне трансцендентне» і «Припинення» виглядають як властивості-характеристики одного і того же стану свідомості.

The article deals with the phenomenon of separatism, its common understanding and main features. It discusses the most important separatist tendencies and the threat of separatism in the EU, including the typology and the centres of separatism in Europe. The principal reasons for separatist movements in the EU are described. Considering the complex origin of separatism, the homogeneity of its foundation in Europe is proved and the threat of separatism in Ukraine is analysed. Manifestations of separatism in Ukraine and the EU are compared, the influence of globalisation and regionalisation on the ethnopolitical process in the EU and Ukraine is justified, and the dual influence of regionalisation on separatism is revealed.

The article is devoted to formulation of a new hypothesis about the essence of corruption as a mechanism and result of compensation of pathology of public life. It is noted that modern scientific research does not consider corruption comprehensively and systematically, but in its individual aspects. As a rule, the managerial and legal. Does not take into account its psychological origins and features of corrupt behavior. The article is aimed at formulating promising directions for the study of corruption, necessary for effective counteraction of this phenomenon. The relevance of the article is due to the possibility of identification of new directions of corruption prevention on the basis of revision of the causes of corrupt conduct. Reforms to prevent corruption have been found to reduce corruption but have not had a decisive impact on corruption. In this regard, the author examines the characteristics of corrupt behaviour and concludes that it is in the mechanisms that give rise to it and it is necessary to look for the causes of corruption. However, in considering the psychological factors of corrupt behaviour, the author concludes that they are not independent and cannot be considered as a direct cause. Psychological characteristics, such as the need for moral revisions of individual values and the search for excitement in the work performed, clearly indicate the presence of contradictions or even pathologies at a deeper level. Given the high incidence of corruption, the author concludes that these pathologies are not individual, but rather indicative of systemic problems of social life. And since problems are not solved, corruption is a kind of compensation, a solution to these problems. It formulates the conclusion, according to which corruption has a compensatory nature and is a unique indicator of the state of social relations and existing problems in them. It points to areas of society and individual members that require study, revision and correction. This approach makes it possible to understand that ...

The article examines the problem of the reliability of the results of public opinion polls, taking into account the fact that the respondents' answers, due to various reasons, do not always reflect their true opinion. The article presents the results of an expert survey, during which experts assessed the extent of deviations in the results of public opinion polls due to the tendency of respondents to give "conformist" answers, caused by the fear of expressing views that may be punished by the authorities, in various situations: when conducting surveys in the regions of Ukraine, which are controlled by the Ukrainian authorities; if surveys are conducted by Ukrainian research institutions in the territories of Ukraine temporarily occupied by Russia; if survey are conducted by Russian research institutions in the territories of Ukraine temporarily occupied by Russia; when surveys are conducted in the territory of Russia. Both the results of the analysis of poll studies and the results of an expert survey indicate that there is always a problem in public opinion polls of the insincerity of respondents' answers and a systematic error caused by the bias of the sample in the direction of respondents "loyal to the government" or respondents who consider themselves to be in the "ideological majority". This problem is significantly exacerbated in the conditions of strengthening authoritarian tendencies in society or an atmosphere of intolerance, including that caused by war. Under certain circumstances, these factors can significantly reduce the reliability of the results of public opinion polls. The magnitude of the shift in survey results caused by the influence of these factors will vary significantly depending on changes in the socio-psychological atmosphere of society, the subject of research and questions, and the level of their sensitivity.

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the imperatives of forming an organizational mechanism for the effective functioning of dairy enterprises with justification of the prospects for their further progressive development in modern economic conditions. Research methods. In the process of research a number of methods were used: monographic - to determine the essence of the concept of imperative; analysis and synthesis - to outline the organizational factors influencing the activities of milk processing enterprises and legal regulation of production and requirements for compliance with the safety and quality of milk and dairy products; modeling - to build conceptual models of organizational structure and institutional organization of the milk and dairy products market; comparisons and comparisons - to identify differences between the quality management system and product safety, based on international standards of the ISO series, and the HACCP food safety system; abstract-logical - to formulate conclusions. Research results. The basic requirements to the effective functioning of milk processing enterprises are considered. Based on the marketing chain, the organizational structure is outlined, the current state is analyzed, development options and requirements for a comprehensive assessment of the milk and dairy products market are identified. The institutional organization of the dairy market, the requirements of state institutions of legal regulation to the production and safety and quality of dairy products of enterprises are analyzed. Contradictions of normative-legal documents interfering with the work of milk processing enterprises have been established. The activity of institutes of public self-government of dairy producers, their influence on the functioning and requirements for improving the efficiency of milk processing enterprises was monitored. The organizational principles of building partnerships between dairy market participants are outlined. Comprehensive approaches to ensuring the quality of dairy products in the operational activities of enterprises based on the requirements of quality management systems and safety of dairy products and risk analysis and control of hazards are proposed. Scientific novelty. Methodological and practical aspects of a comprehensive study of the requirements for the formation of the organizational mechanism and justification of measures to ensure the effective functioning of dairy enterprises in modern economic conditions have been further developed. Practical significance. The defined approaches and results of research of imperatives of formation of the organizational mechanism can be used by bodies of the state and branch management at the organization of monitoring and development of priority actions for increase of efficiency of the enterprises of domestic dairy branch.

The purpose of the article is the insert to the scientific research the complete analysis of masterpiece by known Ukrainian composer Dmytro Stetsiuk Te Deum for mixed choir a capella and draw the attention of the choir conductors, who would like to insert to their music collectives a masterpiece, written in the tendencies of modern music and that can be performed either in the liturgy or in concerts. The methodology of the exploration is based on the combination of the general scientific (historical and comparative) and special musicological( of the genre, general and the dramaturgical-intonational analysis), that gives the opportunity to regard the historical basics of the Catholic liturgic tradition, and from another side-see the ways of its development and renovation. Scientific Novelty. The research is the first analysis of Te Deum for the mixed choir in the context of the modern tendencies of Ukrainian composers. Conclusions. The analysis of Te Deum for the mixed choir a capeella by Dmytro Stetsiuk in the context of religious music and in the sphere of the creative search of the modern Ukrainian composers proves the fact, that this masterpiece is written in the liturgic tradition and develops it in the intonational side. Componist completely uses the canonic text, but gives his own regard for it, also understanding of the main idea. The traditional melody of Te Deum from one side gives the unity of the composition, from another gives the basics for the modern stylization, because of intonation, voice tembre (the unity of the different groups of the choir), harmonical, factual (harmony and polyphony). This way are revealed individual traits of the composer and also the modern regard on the medieval liturgic text. The exploration of the masterpiece`s score gives the reason to be sure, that it is not only in the liturgical tradition, but also can be performed in the concert hall.

The article deals with the activity of the Union Bishop Ostafy (Eugene) Yelo-Malynsky, who headed the Lutsk Episcopal Chair in 1607–1620. The questions of the origin of the Yelo-Malynsky family, their formation in the status of large landowners in Volhynia; the peculiarities of the secular period of the future bishop's life are also analyzed. It is noted that Ostafy Yelo-Malynsky was, figuratively speaking, a member of the "club of Volhynian magnates", owned numerous estates and distinguished himself as a successful businessman. At the same time, from a young age he proved to be an extremely controversial person. On the one hand, Yelo-Malynsky was a recognized lawyer and city judge in Volhynia, while on the other hand, he was involved in a crime including at least two high-profile murders. That circumstance had a great impact on the formation of his reputation and created serious problems in his further activity as a bishop. The issue of national and religious values of Ostafy Yelo-Malynsky is considered separately. It is mentioned that he belonged to the wealthy elite, who followed the Eastern rite at the turn of the 16th–17th centuries. Having opted for the union, he took part in the Lublin Declaration of 1603, which aimed to provide political support to the Union Church and members of the church. Since then, Ostafy Yelo-Malynsky had become one of the few large landowners in Volhynia who professed the Union and had real opportunities to support it.It is noted that granting the privilege to Ostafy Yelo-Malynsky at the Lutsk Diocese met with mass protests of the Volhynian nobility. The aristocratic community mainly did not perceive him as a pastor due to the ambiguous past of the new bishop. This, in turn, was the main reason for the local spread of the Union in the Lutsk-Ostroh diocese.The author made the conclusion that Ostafy (Eugene) Yelo-Malynsky combined in his person contradictory features of his time (aristocratic arbitrariness and the connection with crime, as well as the education, talent of a businessman and the practice of a lawyer). Becoming a bishop, he showed the abilities of an administrator, but did not realize his material potential in the field of philanthropy, and thus remained in the shadow of his prominent contemporaries.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the image of the Fried Swan from the stage cantata of Carl Orff "Carmina Burana" through the category of grotesque - the worldview principle in the culture of the Middle Ages and one of the leading types of artistic imagery in art nouveau. The paper reviews literary and musicological research on the grotesque as an aesthetic category and its application as a method of revealing the artistic image. What is being analyzed: the aesthetics of vagrant poetry, which is the basis of the libretto of Karl Orff's stage cantata; traditions of interpretation of the image of a swan in mythology, folk culture, folklore of different peoples of Europe, Christianity, literature of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the New Age, in particular in Romanticism, as well as in the fine arts; features of Latin poetry in general and "Swan Song" from the poetry of vagrants in particular; application of alliteration; a variant of translation into Ukrainian is provided, which is intended for a more accurate understanding of the essence of the image, reveals its new facets and is addressed to the performers of the Fried Swan part in the preparatory period of work on the image, as well as listeners. The image of the Fried Swan is the embodiment of "grotesque realism" (A. Gurevich) of the Middle Ages. The methodology is based on the application of a holistic musicological analysis, which includes philosophical-aesthetic, literary-linguistic and musical-theoretical levels. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the application of the grotesque as a philosophical and aesthetic category for studying, in particular, one of the most original images of K. Orff's work and the concept of modern musical theater in general. Therefore, the artistic and aesthetic interpretation of the figurative sphere of the cantata is considered relevant, and this work is the first such attempt in Ukrainian musicology. Conclusions. The image of the Fried Swan embodies the grotesque, in which the high and the low, the believable and the unreal, the tragic and the comic, coexist. It reflects the mentality of the Middle Ages as a unity of antinomies and at the same time possesses the characteristic features of the culture of art nouveau, where the grotesque is a typical tool for perceiving reality. The image of the Fried Swan can be considered as a kind of "key" for understanding two "artistic mentality" at once - of the Middle Ages and of the Art Nouveau.

The article deals with the role of the Old Ukrainian (Ruthenian) language in the educational process in Ukraine in the 1st half of the 17th century. It is based on the works by the prominent polemicist, scholar, and religious actor Cassian Sakovych. The study is based on his works "Desiderosus" and "Perspektiwa", which reflected the author's approaches to the stated problem in different periods of his life. The relevance of the theme lies in its insufficient study, as well as in the special role of the development of education and language in nation-building.Relying on the analysis of these works, it is concluded that already in the mid-1620s Cassian Sakovich believed that an effective system of national education could be built primarily on the basis of the positive experience of the Roman Catholic Church. He defended this idea almost to the end of his life. In the early 1640s, Cassian Sakovych supplemented his views on education with a public statement in "Perspektiwa" about the priority of the vernacular (Ruthenian) language in the educational process of domestic schools ("Let Ruthenia teach Ruthenians in Ruthenian"). Such a position probably resulted from reconsideration of the 1620s' experience, when he emphasized the role of the vernacular (Ruthenian) language in the religious life of Ukrainians. It was concluded that Cassian Sakovych was the first Ukrainian nationalist of the Lithuanian-Polish era to raise the issue of the role of the vernacular in the cultural life of Ukrainians in his public debate.Priorities in the educational process give us the opportunity to imagine how exactly Cassian Sakovych saw representatives of the new generation of educated Ukrainians in the early 1640s. In his view, those were people who combined achievements of three cultures – their own national (Ukrainian), Polish, and Greek.

The article highlights the urgency of the problem of training engineering and technical professionals, taking into account the development of technology and social challenges of the market economy. Emphasis is placed on the need to ensure gender equality in the choice of engineering professions, equal opportunities for men and women. The essence of the concepts: "gender", "gender pedagogy", "gender culture", "gender socialization", "gender stereotypes", "gender competence", "gender education", "gender inequality", "gender roles" and others are substantiated. It is determined that gender studies are of great interest for pedagogical and psychological science, as they relate to the gender-role socialization of a person, his/her personal and professional development. The results of an empirical study on gender stereotypes in occupational choice among students of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas are presented (110 people took part in the survey). It has been revealed that gender is not the prerogative of many young people in engineering profession choice, however, such stereotypes still exist in the society. It was proven that for future professionals in this field, gender discrimination took place in their lives (28.4% of respondents) and it is mostly female who acquire technical professions. One third of students (32%) admitted that they had faced cases of unequal wages to men and women. It has been proven that negative gender stereotypes are more subjective than objective, which gives hope for a fundamental possibility of overcoming them in the training of specialists at the Technical University.

Judgments of the Supreme Court, their legal nature, tasks and importance have repeatedly been the subject of discussions among the legal scholars and the legal practitioners, so this issue will not be the main point of the article.Quasi-regulation as one of the most significant functions of the legal opinions of the Supreme Court will be described in the article on the example of family dispute cases.The legal opinions of the Supreme Court are generally acknowledged as quasi-precedents and the article contains the conclusion that such terminological definition is the most balanced as the Supreme Court caselaw could not be called precedent in the meaning of this definition in Anglo-Saxon law.The research has proved that quasi-precedents can set the quasi-legal regulation.In that context, however, it is important to distinguish that precedents can create legal regulation, while the quasi-precedents can provide the rule of law with additional regulatory content by its wider interpretation.This can be clearly observed when the Court of Cassation interprets in common the general and special legal provisions.It is proved that quasi-regulation, which is provided by the Supreme Court in certain cases, is the result of the several objective processes, including:– convergence of Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic Law;– transformation of the national legal system from authoritarian soviet to democratic;– gradual abandonment from positivistic interpretation of legal provision in favor of rule of law and faire justice (human-centered);– more frequent application of dynamic interpretation of legal provisions.At the same time, it should be emphasized that quasi-regulation is not the prior task of the Supreme Court for the reason that ensuring the uniformity and sustainability of case law remains its basic function. Quasi-regulation is an additional instrument aimed at strengthening the rule of law in Ukraine.In this regard such an instrument is more useful when: (1) rules of positive law do not fulfill this function; (2) there is a need to use the legal regulation for resolving the conflicts of law and filling the gaps in legislation.Quasi-regulation contributes to the development of the doctrine of law and becomes an indicator for the legislator that certain relations need urgent regulation, that public relations have changed, become more complicated and need immediate legislative regulation, and that legislators demonstrate slow response to the mentioned changes. ; У статті розкрито проблему правової природи рішень Верховного Суду, а саме виокремлено таку їхню ознаку, як квазіпрецедентність. У дослідженні доведено, що квазіпрецедентність практики Верховного Суду – це не тільки імперативність рішень суду касацій для судів нижчої інстанції, але й такі рішення можуть виконувати квазірегуляторну функцію. Обґрунтовано думку, що квазірегулювання є спеціальним правовим інструментом Верховного Суду, за допомогою якого спори вирішуються на засадах принципів верховенства права та справедливості, а також за допомогою нього касаційний суд може заповнювати прогалини та долати колізії в законодавстві. Наголошено на тому, що квазірегулювання має межі, тобто можливе тільки за відсутності спеціальної норми права, яка фактично створюється судом у процесі розширеного тлумачення загальної норми. Для ілюстрації квазірегулювання в дії обрано сімейний спір про відшкодування моральної шкоди на користь дитини з біологічної матері, яка її покинула. Це перший в історії українського правозастосування приклад щодо захисту права дитини та яскравий приклад квазірегулювання, яке здійснює Верховний Суд.

China is a distant and unusual country specifically known as the oldest extant civilization in the world. Relations between Ukraine and China originated in the days of the Kyivan Rus as the trade routes of the Silk Road branched over the territory of modern Ukraine, precisely the annexed Crimea. The country of East Asia is one of the largest investors in the world and has made an enormous contribution to the world's development of art, science, and culture. In Ukraine, the year 2019 was recognized as a year of a particularly active partnership between China and Ukraine. It was a reasonable and symbolic gesture on Ukraine's part. The Strategy of Ukraine's foreign policy for 2021–2024 identified China as one of its key strategic partners. It certainly is a novelty considering the global competition for the world's leadership. The conversation, however, is not about politics but literature in China. Chinese literature has always played a significant role in various spheres of cultural life: Confucius, Cao Xueqin, Lu Xun, Liu Zhenyun, and, of course, our contemporary writer – Mo Yan. In fact, this article gives a review of the collective monograph "The Tendencies in Chinese literature and the literary work of Mo Yan", edited by Ihor Pavliuk (2021), a writer, Doctor of Social Communication, professor of Ukrainian media at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, with the assistance of the Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The article is a brief overview of the distant past and present of literary China based on the extensive research made by employees of the Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (M. Sulyma, I. Pavliuk, D. Drozdovskyi) and researchers from the leading universities of Ukraine (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical ...