Suchergebnisse

O presente estudo objetiva analisar o impacto das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) na expectativa de vida (EV) da população brasileira e identificar como a EV seria afetada pela redução hipotética de 5% a 30% e pela eliminação da mortalidade por essas doenças. Trata-se de um estudo de simulação que utiliza dados transversais a nível nacional. A análise foi realizada por meio do modelo de tábuas de vida de múltiplo decremento, considerando reduções na mortalidade por DCV de 5% a 30%, assim como a sua eliminação. Os ganhos potenciais estimados na EV, em anos e porcentagem, por meio da eliminação das doenças isquêmica, hipertensiva e cerebrovascular foram de, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres, 1,44 (2%) e 1,31 (1,7%), 0,51 (0,7%) e 0,75 (1%), 1,28 (1,8%) e 1,62 (2,1%). Os maiores ganhos ocorrem entre os residentes na região Nordeste. Além disso, para a população em geral, os ganhos estimados em EV a partir de uma redução de 5% na mortalidade por DCV, em homens e mulheres, foram de 0,07 (0,1%) e 0,06 (0,08%), para doença isquêmica, 0,02 (0,03%) e 0,04 (0,05%), para doença hipertensiva, e 0,06 (0,08%) e 0,07 (0,09%), para doença cerebrovascular. Já uma redução hipotética de 30% na mortalidade por DCV foi acompanhada de ganhos na EV, para homens e mulheres, de 0,41 (0,6%) e 0,37 (0,5%), para doença isquêmica, 0,15 (0,2%) e 0,22 (0,3%), para doença hipertensiva, e 0,36 (0,5%) e 0,45 (0,6%), para doença cerebrovascular. Assim, mais investimentos e esforços orientados para a prevenção de DCV aumentariam a EV no Brasil, principalmente nas regiões menos desenvolvidas.

The building sector is an energy intensive sector, with great potential to reduce energy needs and environmental pollution. Several measures are being taken to increase the energy efficiency and avoid energy consumption in this sector. A recent trend is the nearly zero energy buildings, which was already adopted by some of the latest regulations, such as the 2010 recast of the European Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). However, to reach these goals, especially considering the existing building stock, new retrofit solutions are required, which must be well adapted to the specific building stock needs, and ensure that the building retrofit can achieve the nearly zero energy buildings standards. This paper presents a new prefabricated retrofit module solution for the facades of existing buildings, and also the steps taken to optimise its performance, which includes a judicious choice of materials, 3D modelling, cost–benefit analysis, use of different simulation tools for performance optimisation and prototyping. It is also shown the implementation of the retrofit module within an integrated retrofit approach, whose final goal was to obtain a building with the minimum possible energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. ; This work was supported by ERDF funds through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme - COMPETE and National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology [project number FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007189]. The author, Pedro Silva, was supported by FCT and DST, S.A. [grant number SFRH/BDE/15599/2006], which was co-financed by the Human Potential Operational Programme of the European Union POPH - NSRF - Type 4.1 - Advanced Training, shared by the European Social Fund and national funds ...

Rural women are at a disadvantage to access productive resources and recognition as producers, suppliers and buyers throughout the agri-food chains. The objective of this research was to analyze the alternatives of empowerment of rural women and integration of gender equity in agricultural value chains from a case study of associativity in the San Roque village (Sotará, Cauca). For this case study, the analysis of value chains was carried out at the macro, meso and micro levels, likewise, the prioritization matrix was used for decision-making, as a method for evaluating alternatives for female empowerment, the results were compared with the sociocultural, political and economic context in a case study. It was found that agricultural value chains need to be intervened from a gender perspective, that promotes the empowerment of women as producers and that encourages their staggered participation along the value chains. Twelve empowerment alternatives are presented that seek to improve the position of women in the chains by implementing agroecological processes, transforming the traditional roles of women in their community, since it allows them to develop skills, acquire skills, strengthen knowledge and manage processes that add value, to access multiple spaces, opportunities and benefits. ; Las mujeres rurales se encuentran en una situación de desventaja para acceder a recursos productivos y reconocimiento como productoras, proveedoras y compradoras a lo largo de las cadenas agroalimentarias. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las alternativas de empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales e integración de equidad de género en cadenas de valor agrícola a partir de un caso de estudio de asociatividad en la Vereda San Roque (Sotará, Cauca). Para este estudio de caso se hizo el análisis de cadenas de valor a nivel macro, meso y micro, asimismo, se empleó la matriz de priorización para la toma de decisiones, como método de valoración de alternativas de empoderamiento femenino. Los resultados se confrontaron con el contexto sociocultural, político y económico en un estudio de caso. Se obtuvo que las cadenas de valor agrícola requieren ser intervenidas desde una perspectiva de género, que promueva el empoderamiento de las mujeres como productoras y que incentive su participación escalonada a lo largo de las cadenas de valor. Se presentan doce alternativas de empoderamiento que buscan mejorar la posición de las mujeres en las cadenas implementando procesos agroecológicos, transformando los roles tradicionales de las mujeres en su comunidad, pues permite desarrollar habilidades, adquirir destrezas, fortalecer conocimientos y gestionar procesos que aporten valor, para acceder a múltiples espacios, oportunidades y beneficios.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been suggested to be a suitable biomaterial for the development of cardiovascular grafts. The combination of BC with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) results in nanocomposites with improved properties. Surprisingly, there are very few studies on the BC–blood interaction. This is the focus of this paper. We present the first thorough assessment of the hemocompatibility of the BC/PVA nanocomposite. Whole blood clotting time, plasma recalcification, Factor XII activation, platelet adhesion and activation, hemolytic index and complement activation are all determined. The platelet activation profiles on BC and BC/PVA surfaces are comprehensively characterized. BC and BC/PVA outperformed ePTFE – used as a point of comparison – thus evidencing their suitability for cardiovascular applications. ; Funding for this work was made possible by the FCT fund-ing through the project PTDC/EBB-EBI/112170/2009, FCT PhDgrant (SFRH/BD/66094/2009) and COST-Short Term Mission (COST-STSM-TD1003-8978). Additionally, funding from the Departmentof Industry of the Basque Government program ETORTEK and fromthe Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (basic researchgrant CTQ2009-11245 to IR) are also gratefully ...

"What has poverty reduction, education, health, gender equality and environmental sustainability to do with the Church? What have these to do with God's mission? These are just some of the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals, set out in 2015 as "a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030". In this remarkable book, 28 Brazilian specialists reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of each goal and their relation to the mission of God's people. Originally published in Portuguese, Regnum Books is delighted to bring this unique contribution, coming from the continent that introduced the global church to Missão Integral."Publisher

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom ; Department for International Development, United Kingdom ; Scottish Government ; Peer Review

Deafness, legal rights, language, teaching and learning are topics strictly related to deaf life and wellbeing.This article aims to discuss the history of deafness and some teaching proposals using Brazil and aBrazilian Institute of Deaf Education in a study case. On that purpose we analyzed didactic and scientificmaterials and their influence on Brazilian deaf education. Thus, we focused on the deaf speech alsoapproaching pathology and epistemology perspectives present in the narratives of the institute curriculum,questioning these representations. Historical aspects in the educational, pathological and epistemologicalapproaches in Brazil are also reported including different language teaching perspectives includingbimodalist, total communication and bilingualism. Our study observed the importance of deaf politicalmovement and their struggle to guarantee the right for a good and long-awaited dreamed bilingualeducation

The high melting point of a large number of organic salts with potential ionic liquid-like properties, hinders their applicability as solvents. Considering the success of cholinium chloride on lowering the melting temperature of several substances and its success on forming deep eutectic solvents, this work studies its mixing with organic chlorides to lower their melting points producing eutectic ionic liquids. The solid-liquid phase diagrams for binary mixtures composed of cholinium chloride and ten organic halides were experimentally measured. Surprisingly, cholinium chloride presented, for all these systems, significant positive deviations from ideal liquid behaviour that restricted its ability to lower the melting points of these mixtures. Only for mixtures with ammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride or cholinium bromide was cholinium chloride able to significantly lower the melting point of the mixture, but without reaching values close to room temperature (298 K). For a better understanding of the results obtained, the solid-liquid phase diagrams of four alkylammonium chloride-based mixtures were experimentally assessed and used to show that these compounds are better than cholinium chloride at inducing negative deviations from ideality, leading to greater melting point depressions. ; This work was developed in the scope of the project CICECO e Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (Ref. FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013) and Associate Laboratory LSRELCM, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984 (Ref. FCT UID/EQU/50020/2019), and project MultiBiorefinery (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403), all financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. FCT is also acknowledged for funding the project DeepBiorefinery (PTDC/AGRTEC/1191/2014). The authors acknowledge the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007 e 2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 337753. M.A.R.M. acknowledges financial support from NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006 - funded by NORTE2020 through PT2020 and ERDF. L.P.S. acknowledges FCT for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/135976/2018). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

We address the issue of adapting optical images-based edge detection techniques for use in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) imagery. We modify the gravitational edge detection technique (inspired by the Law of Universal Gravity) proposed by Lopez-Molina et al., using the non-standard neighbourhood configuration proposed by Fu et al., to reduce the speckle noise in polarimetric SAR imagery. We compare the modified and unmodified versions of the gravitational edge detection technique with the well-established one proposed by Canny, as well as with a recent multiscale fuzzy-based technique proposed by Lopez-Molina et al. We also address the issues of aggregation of gray level images before and after edge detection and of filtering. All techniques addressed here are applied to a mosaic built using class distributions obtained from a real scene, as well as to the true PolSAR image; the mosaic results are assessed using Baddeley's Delta Metric. Our experiments show that modifying the gravitational edge detection technique with a non-standard neighbourhood configuration produces better results than the original technique, as well as the other techniques used for comparison. The experiments show that adapting edge detection methods from Computational Intelligence for use in PolSAR imagery is a new field worthy of exploration. ; The Brazilian authors acknowledge support from CNPq (Projeto Universal 487032/2012-8). The Spanish authors have been supported by project TIN2013-40765-P of the Spanish Government.

General ideas. Keepers of time and guardians of space--some basic concepts of astronomy and power / Michael A. Rappenglück -- The social life of celestial bodies: the sky in cultural perspective / Stanislaw Iwaniszewski -- Astral high-fashion clothing: relations between costumes and astronomy / Michael A. Rappenglück -- Neolithic cultures. Astronomy, landscape and power in eastern Anatolia / Juan Antonio Belmonte and A. César González García -- Prehistoric sanctuaries in Daunia / Elio Antonello, Vito F. Polcaro, Anna M. Tunzi and Mariangela Lo Zupone -- Archaeoastronomical world from Romania / Iharka Szücs-Csillik, Alexandra Comṣa and Zoia Maxim -- Megalithic cultures. Equinoctial full moon models and non-gaussianity: Portuguese dolmens as a test case / Fabio Silva -- Kreisgrabenanlagen: expressions of power linked to the sky / Georg Zotti and Wolfgang Neubauer -- Re-structuring the world of Scottish megalithic sites and animating astronomical phenomena through 3D computerisation / David Fisher -- Recumbent stone circles: theory overview based on fieldwork conducted at three sites / Liz Henty -- Power of calendar and clocks. Calendars as symbols of power / Sonja Draxler and Max E. Lippitsch -- Astronomical clocks-representations of power / Gudrun Wolfschmidt -- Chalcolithic/Bronze Age/Iron Age cultures. Luni-solar symbolism in an artefact from Bulgaria / Vesselina Koleva -- Astronomy, religion and the structure of society in prehistoric Finland / Marianna Ridderstad -- Astronomy and the power: the singular building of Turó del Calvari (Vilalba del arcs, Tarragona) / Manuel Pérez Gutiérrez, DAvid Bea Castaño, Jordi Diloli Fons and Samuel Sardà Seuma -- Precise astronomical measurements of ancient Dacian sites within the Pythagorean mega-triangle Sarmizegetusa-Regia-Retezat-Parâng / Frank Kerek and Florin Stanescu -- Orientation in the landscape of open air rock art in the mountains between the Alva and Ceira Rivers: the Podomorph carvings / Fernando Pimenta, Nuno Ribeiro, Andrew Smith and Luís Tirapicos -- Total solar eclipses close to the Pleiades on the Nebra disk and Swedish rock-carvings / Göran Henriksson -- Archaeoastronomical analysis of the Karataevo Fortress Sanctuary on the northern Black Sea coast / Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya -- Egypt, Minoan culture. Stellar and solar components in ancient Egyptian mythology and royal ideology / Rolf Krauss -- The elite at Knossos as custodians of the calendar / Göran Henriksson and Mary Blomberg -- Prince P.A. Putyatin was the forerunner of Russian astronomy / N. Dmitrieva -- Cultures in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. The celestial engine at the heart of traditional Hawaiian culture / W. Bruce Masse -- Cosmic power: themes of astronomy and power within the film Cosmic Africa / Jarita C. Holbrook -- The concept of power and cosmology: manipulation of cosmology by spiritualists or native doctors (Dibia), a case study of the Igbo Society of Nigeria / Barth Chukwuezi -- Some aspects of European moon mythology / Mare Kõiva and Andres Kuperjanov -- Stars of power--astronomical objects in ancient princely insignia / Max E. Lippitsch and Sonja Draxler -- Cultures of North America, Mesoamerica and South America. Astronomy and power in Mesoamerica / Ivan Šprajc -- Possible Mesoamerican naked-eye observation of sunspots - I: evidence from the Tikal ball court marker / Richard R. Zito -- Calendric-astronomical orientation as an expression of power in Mesoamerica / Jesús Galindo Trejo -- Possible Mesoamerican naked-eye observation of Sunspots - II: evidence from the codices / Richard R. Zito -- Power, danger and liminality: moon, stars and women among the Toba of Western Formosa (Gran Chaco, Argentina) / Cecilia Paula Gómez -- A topoogy of power: sky and social space in the Argentinean Chaco / Alejandro Martín López -- Antiquity. Among the circles: a geometical analysis of the Teatro Marittimo in Villa Adriana / Marzia Monaco, Silvia Gaudenzi and Marcello Ranieri -- Medieval time in orient and occident. Astronomy and the state: time, space and power in the foundation of Baghdad / Nicholas Campion -- Astronomy and politics: three case studies on the service of astrology to society / S. Mohammad Mozaffari -- The Dustūr al-munajjimīn or does a sovereign need astronomy to structure his reign? / Petra G. Schmidl -- The orientation of pre-romanesque churches in Spain: Asturias, a case of power re-affirmation / A. César González García, Juan Antonio Belmonte and Lourdes Costa Ferrer -- Astronomical heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina: late medieval tombstones and astral motifs / Zalkida Hadžibegović -- The star of Magi: transient astronomical events as sources of inspiration in late Medieval art / M. Incerti, F. Bònoli and V.F. Polcaro -- A social history of medieval astronomy / A. Martocchia and V.F. Polcaro -- Astronomy and politics in the modern age. Astronomy and politicians / Magda Stavinschi and Cătălin Mosoia -- Comets in political caricatures: examples from the 18th to 21st century / Barbara Rappenglück

The temperature and enthalpy of fusion of choline chloride -[Ch]Cl- are not directly measurable since this compound decomposes upon melting. Yet, given the wide use of this compound in the preparation of deep eutectic solvents (DES), its thermophysical fusion properties are very important for a better understanding of these mixtures and the thermodynamic description of their solid-liquid phase diagrams. In this work, the fusion properties of choline chloride were estimated using the solubility curves of choline chloride in ten different ionic compounds, forming simple binary eutectic mixtures with quasi-ideal liquid phases. Experimental solid-liquid equilibria data for these systems -[Ch] Cl + ionic compounds- were measured, and the ideality of the systems assessed through the quantification of the activity coefficients and their comparison in each pair of binary solutions. The values estimated for the fusion properties of choline chloride are T fus,[Ch]Cl = 597 ± 7 K and Δ fus H [Ch]Cl = 4300 ± 600 J mol −1 . These were additionally checked by thermodynamic consistency tests and by the prediction of the solid-liquid curves with COSMO-RS model. The results obtained with both procedures allow us to guarantee the usefulness and robustness of the estimated data. ; This work was developed in the scope of the project CICECOAveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (Ref. FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013) and Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 006984 e Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, both funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizaç~ao (POCI) e and by national funds through FCT - Fundaç~ao para a Ci^encia e a Tecnologia. M.A.R.M acknowledges FCT for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/87084/2012). J.O. and L.F. thank the financing provided by the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), under the project CTQ2012- 37114 and the short-stay grant EEBB-I-16-11792. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

AbstractAimsWe investigated the cardiac effects of ethanol withdrawal and the possible role of AT1 receptors in such response.MethodsMale Wistar rats were treated with increasing doses of ethanol (3 to 9%, vol./vol.) for 21 days. The cardiac effects of ethanol withdrawal were investigated 48 h after abrupt discontinuation of ethanol. Some animals were orally treated with losartan (10 mg/kg/day), a selective AT1 receptor antagonist.ResultsEthanol withdrawal did not affect serum levels of creatine kinase (CK)-MB. Losartan prevented ethanol withdrawal-induced increase in superoxide anion (O2•−) production in the left ventricle (LV). However, ethanol withdrawal did no alter the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or the expression of Nox1, Nox2 or Nox4 were found in the LV. Ethanol withdrawal reduced the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the LV and this response was prevented by losartan. Ethanol withdrawal increased catalase activity in the LV and losartan attenuated this response. No changes on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity or expression were detected in the LV during ethanol withdrawal. The expression of AT1, AT2 or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was not affected by ethanol withdrawal. Similarly, no changes on the expression of ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, COX-1 or COX-2 were found in the LV during ethanol withdrawal.ConclusionsEthanol withdrawal altered the cardiac oxidative state through AT1-dependent mechanisms. Our findings showed a role for angiotensin II/AT1 receptors in the initial steps of the cardiac effects induced by ethanol withdrawal.