Suchergebnisse

In this article, the authors analyze the development of Progresa, a Mexican antipoverty program that conditions monetary transfers to human capital investment of its beneficiary families. The program is the principal antipoverty strategy of the Mexican government and has served as a model for similar programs in a number of countries in Latin America. Progresa is also noteworthy because it was subject to a rigorous evaluation effort in rural areas, which included an experimental design. The authors first describe the rationale behind the design of Progresa, in particular, the conditioning of monetary transfers to children's school attendance and regular health clinic visits. The authors then turn to the evaluation effort, analyzing the randomized trial, the evaluation results, and the effect of the evaluation on the evolution of the program. Finally, the authors consider the limitations of the evaluation as well as areas where more research is needed.

In this article, the authors analyze the development of Progresa, a Mexican antipoverty program that conditions monetary transfers to human capital investment of its beneficiary families. The program is the principal antipoverty strategy of the Mexican government & has served as a model for similar programs in a number of countries in Latin America. Progresa is also noteworthy because it was subject to a rigorous evaluation effort in rural areas, which included a study on experimental design. The authors first describe the rationale behind the design of Progresa, in particular, the conditioning of monetary transfers to children's school attendance & regular health clinic visits. The authors then turn to the evaluation effort, analyzing the randomized trial, the evaluation results, & the effect of the evaluation on the evolution of the program. Finally, the authors consider the limitations of the evaluation as well as areas where more research is needed. 5 Tables, 32 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2005 The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Este trabajo examina la brecha de género educativa en México, utilizando como principal fuente de información la Encuesta del Conteo de Población y Vivienda (1995). El tamaño de la muestra de esta encuesta permite el análisis de los roles de la residencia rural y urbana y de la pobreza en el nivel educativo. Además, contiene información detallada sobre el número de años de estudio. Los resultados confirman que el promedio de años de escolaridad se duplicó en los 40 años previos a la realización de la encuesta y que la brecha de género se ha cerrado drásticamente. A pesar de que la asistencia escolar de las niñas cae después de los 12 años, no se aprecian diferencias entre niños y niñas en términos de años promedio de escolaridad. El trabajo ofrece algunas explicaciones a este fenómeno. También sugiere una estrecha vinculación entre el nivel educativo y el nivel de riqueza en México.

This report presents some of the key findings of a research project, funded by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre, which investigated the provision of European Union information in UK public libraries. The project focused, in particular, on the implementation of the Public Information Relay (PIR) - a European Commission initiative designed to bring European Union information closer to the British public through the existing public library network. This chapter presents findings from a survey of 117 public library authorities in the PIR network, and a survey of 372 users of the public libraries in Aberdeen, Glasgow and Moray.

Banks have significantly changed their public policies about women's access to management, to include career breaks and job sharing, with recruitment and promotion policies claiming equal opportunity for men and women. But has there been a revolution on the high street? A qualitative study of 40 women in banking explored questions of change and continuity with 20 clerical workers and 20 managers. From their perspective, men's power in higher management positions can still be used to obstruct women's advancement, and often contradicts the public policy that career and motherhood are compatible. New forms of dual labour market and gendered career routes are taking the place of old ones. These sideline women into less powerful and rewarding posts. They also create new divisions between women, privileging graduate entrants, but further obstructing clerical workers' career development.

Describes a British Library Research and Innovation Centre-funded project to investigate the provision of European information in public libraries in the UK, via the establishment of the Public Information Relay (PIR), a European Commission initiative to provide information about the European Union to the general public. Discusses the background to the PIR and the literature to date. Describes the project methodology and discusses the major findings of the project. The project found that libraries were making very positive efforts to develop their European information services, but that there were concerns about the future development and resourcing of membership of the Relay. While the support of the European Commission was seen as valuable by respondents, the majority of libraries served a wider community of need than was envisaged by the remit of the PIR, in particular being heavily used for educational and business related purposes.

Este trabajo analiza la oferta y organización del cuidado infantil público en México y presenta una serie de consideraciones en lo referente a la formulación de políticas futuras al respecto. La investigación se concentra en la evolución de las políticas públicas que regulan la provisión de cuidado infantil para los hijos de la mujer trabajadora en el sector formal, por medio del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Los datos sobre la evolución de la participación de la mujer en la fuerza de trabajo, los cambios en la estructura familiar, la oferta de guarderías y la organización del cuidado infantil, muestran que los servicios públicos formales no satisfacen la demanda existente.La política actual de la seguridad social mexicana está siendo reformada; por ejemplo, hoy están bajo consideración algunas políticas innovadoras para la reorganización y ampliación de la oferta de guarderías. Estas circunstancias, junto con los rápidos cambios que se han dado en las necesidades de la mujer y de las familias mexicanas, sugieren una situación propicia para revaluar la política sobre el cuidado del niño. Esta reevaluación deberá llevarse a cabo en dos niveles: en el de las metas generales del cuidado infantil, entendido éste como una política social o de combate a la pobreza –comparada con una política de empleo–, así como también en el nivel de la organización de los programas actuales.

This article outlines the details of a British Library Research and Development Department funded project on the provision of European Union information in public libraries in the UK. It explains how European Union information is currently being provided to the public in the EU Public Information Relay and emphasises the issues involved in providing European Union information electronically.

This report describes a British Library funded research project which investigated the provision of European information in public libraries in the United Kingdom, and in particular the implementation of the Public Information Relay - a European Commission initiative designed to bring EU information closer to the British public through the existing public library network. The key elements of the project included: a questionnaire-based survey of all public library authorities participating in the PIR (response rate: 117 out of 154, i.e. 76%), which examined past and present levels of European information provision, the manner in which the PIR service was being implemented, and any potential problems and solutions; a series of 8 case study visits to a representative sample of PIR members; and a survey of the European information needs of over 370 users in Aberdeen City, Glasgow City and Moray District Libraries. In addition, the project team organised a seminar, which was held at the Representation of the European Commission in London on 25th June 1996, and was attended by some 47 delegates from UK public library authorities and other interested parties, including the Society of Chief Librarians in England and Wales, the Scottish Library and Information Council, and the Library and Information Commission. The purpose of this event was to allow feedback and qualitative response from practitioners on the results of the project to date. The report discusses the background to the PIR and the literature to date, as well as the project's methodology and major findings. The project found that libraries were making very positive efforts to develop their European information services, but that there were concerns about the future development and resourcing of membership of the Relay. While the support of the European Commission was seen as valuable by respondents, the majority of libraries served a wider community of need than was envisaged by the remit of the PIR, in particular being heavily used for educational and ...

We study the effects of an unexpected and large migration from Venezuela on Peruvian labor markets. From 2017 to 2019, about 800,000 Venezuelans migrated to Peru, with 84% settling in the Lima metropolitan area. The percentage of Venezuelans in the working age population in Lima increased from nearly 0 to over 10%, with migrants having higher education on average than the local labor force. We propose a simple assignment model of the labor market, which suggests that migration will lead to a reallocation of local workers toward low-skilled jobs. Using synthetic control methods and comparing Lima with a group of other Peruvian metropolitan areas, we find evidence of adjustment in occupational structure in the direction predicted by the model with few decreases in employment of local workers.

JEL Classification Codes: F22; J04; O15

En años recientes los estudios sobre la dinámica ocupacional han puesto especial atención sobre los grandes cambios: el incremento del trabajo por cuenta propia frente a la incapacidad para generar fuentes de trabajo asalariadas, el incremento de los pequeños establecimientos económicos y el incremento del trabajo de la mujer. En menor grado se han considerado las condiciones de remuneración de los trabajadores; existen además escasos estudios respecto a las características de las salidas del mercado de trabajo y sobre la jornada laboral. Este artículo incursiona en estas últimas líneas de investigación, indagando posibles ajustes en los costos del trabajo durante un periodo que comprende distintas situaciones económicas.