Suchergebnisse

AbstractMany scholars share the assumption that demographic patterns in the world are converging over time. The present study analyses the temporal trends of specific parameters of mortality and fertility—together with certain socio-economic indicators—in 95 less and least developed countries during the period 1990–2015 and discusses whether mortality and fertility trends are convergent or divergent. We apply dynamic factor analysis and cluster analysis of trajectories to macro-data from major international sources. The results show that a large number of countries have a convergent trend in mortality, but sub-Saharan African countries affected by the HIV–AIDS epidemic show non-monotonic temporal trends. Trends in fertility are delayed and unclear and depend on individual attitudes and levels of women's empowerment. Fifty-two out of the 95 observed countries are collocated in similar mortality and fertility groups. Finally, countries at an advanced economic stage made the best improvements, while the least developed ones retained their deep pre-existing inequalities.

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les déterminants de la participation des femmes au marché du travail au Maroc selon une approche comparative à la fois « temporelle », portant sur la dernière décennie, et « spatiale », en ce qu'elle distingue les milieux urbains des milieux ruraux. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que le processus général de modernisation du pays ne semble pas avoir mené, comme dans d'autres pays, à une plus grande insertion des femmes dans le marché du travail. Néanmoins, la stabilité de la participation féminine au marché du travail, telle qu'observée, pourrait être considérée non pas comme une « occasion perdue » dans le processus d'amélioration du statut des femmes, mais plutôt comme une étape obligée de leur affranchissement d'activités dégradantes ancrées dans un système de production arriéré.

Couple formation and migration are the result of interrelated decision-making processes in the life cycle. Using data from the "Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens (SCIF)" survey, conducted in Italy in 2011-2012 by Istat, we aim to investigate how the timing of migration events affects the type and timing of marriages in the destination country. Time-related models investigate the competing-risk transitions to endogamous and exogamous marriages with Italian spouses. Obtained results provide evidence of the complexity of today's migrations, and they indicate the coexistence of various patterns among first-generation migrants in Italy, characterised by a plurality of origins, with different projects and behavioural models. The "interrelation of events" hypothesis explains the transitions to both endogamous
and exogamous marriages among women, while men usually spend more time finding a partner and achieving economic stability. Despite this general picture, our analysis shows different and original pathways shaping transitions to marriage by reason of migration and considering a number of demographic and migratory characteristics.

Pregó del governador de Barcelona que crida a Cristòfol o Pere Almirall, de Vilanova i la Geltrú, perquè comparegui davant la Junta Superior de Sanitat de Catalunya

Two‐digit manufacturing industry‐level production functions are used to test efficiency wage propositions. Conclusive tests require functional forms which allow differences in elasticities of substitution between observable human capital, wage premia and other inputs. Results demonstrate that unexplained industry wage premia and higher unemployment rates raise productivity. Wage premia and the human capital wage component cannot be aggregated into a single human capital index. Nevertheless, 88% of the productivity effect associated with industry wages can be tied to observable human capital in the industry, with only 12% associated with the wage premium.

Brazil stands out for its coffee plantations for which the 2015 harvest yielded a revenue of over 600 million dollars. Its production is closely related to biotic and abiotic factors, and insect pests are noted for reducing this production. However, those insects are highly influenced by biological control agents such as predator wasps. This study aimed to survey the wasps visiting intercropping coffee cultivation with different tree species. Four plots of coffee intercropped with different tree species and coffee in full sun (control) were sampled for comparison. Tree species were: Teak (Tectona grandis L.f), Australian redcedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem.), Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) and Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Six hundred and thirty-nine individuals of social wasps were collected, with 20 species and 7 genera, and an overall diversity index of 1.14. The plot with Avocado had the highest Shannon diversity index (H ') 1.23 and the lowest dominance according to the Index Berger-Paker (DPB) 0.54.