Suchergebnisse

A intepretação de György Lukács sobre a teoria social de Marx configura-se uma das mais importantes da história do marxismo, sobretudo o do século XX. Destacam-se entre as problemáticas tratadas pelo filósofo húngaro, suas reflexões acerca do estranhamento [Entfremdung], presentes no último capítulo do segundo volume de Para uma Ontologia do Ser Social. Nesta obra, Lukács demonstra que o estranhamento é um fenômeno histórico-social, em que produz a deformação da personalidade dos sujeitos. Sob a influência e, ao mesmo tempo, se opondo a Hegel, Lukács cinde em sua análise do trabalho o processo de objetivação [Vergegenständlichung], referindo-se ao momento objetivo; do momento da alienação [Entäusserung], referindo-se ao momento subjetivo. Desta forma, passando pelas concepções de Hegel e Marx, sustentamos que o tratamento dado por Lukács acerca do estranhamento corresponde a uma nova e pertinente interpretação deste tema.

Wspomnienie o zmarłym prof. Kazimierzu Kuczmanie

World has changed rapidly in recent years; end of cold war, formation of the European Union and globalization has created new fast developing markets that generate competition around the world. In the 1990's and 2000's, governments started to lose public trust, and the private sector, on the other hand, started to gain trust. While globalisation has created new markets for business, new threats have also occurred. Rapid development of technology has created new benefits for companies, but on the other hand, cyber threats, enterprise espionage, and terrorism have reared their heads in the world. The development of corporate security has provided new kind of security for the assets and employees of the companies. The aim of this research is to investigate what kind of challenges and opportunities Finnish companies are encountering when operating in the global field. This study is based on a qualitative research methodology, and the research is conducted by phenomenological research. The purpose of the phenomenological research is to describe persons' experience to a certain phenomenon that they have experienced. The data of this research has been collected from several security professionals who work in different Finnish companies and organisations. The inquiry was a semi-structured interview that contained ten questions. The questions were proposed to gain knowledge of interviewees' background, organisation, and knowledge towards the global security management. Questions where structured around The Confederation of Finnish Industries (Elinkeinoelämän keskusliitto, Ek) corporate security model (2016). The findings of this research emerged from the five topics that were based on the interviewees' shared experiences. Topics were corporate security model, security management, globality, culture, and complexity. These five topics have generated the essence of the phenomenon. Conclusions of this thesis are that managing security globally is a multidimensional phenom that includes complex themes that security professionals must deal with. The risks that globality brings to companies and organisations can be complex. It is certain, that Finnish companies must deal with global issues growing at a fast pace in the future. This thesis enables the reader to see the state of her own organization's safety and security management status in a global context.

This study explores the implications of adapting new habits to the administration of local government from various dimensions of government management. The main objective of this study is to show that the governance of local government in the new normal era can be productive in fulfilling the needs of the publics through changes in the administration of local government's functions. This study places the presence of information and communication technology (ICT) as well as restrictions on social interaction in the new normal era, changing the way local government sector works. The approach departs from the main idea of adapting new habits as a conceptual framework to empirically examine changes in the dimensions of local government management which based on several factors, such as content, context, process, change outcomes and leadership. Furthermore, data collection gained through interviews with informants and data analysis are used to confirm the suitability of local government governance. The process is then carried on by formulating the concept of an ideal local government governance changes in the new normal era. The findings of the study show that local government governance system with the old paradigm is ineffective and inefficient for the fulfillment of public rights in the new normal era. For this reason, it is necessary to transform the governance of various dimensions in local government management. As originality/value, what is offered in this study is a modification of the system and working mechanism with a new paradigm for areas that are difficult geographically. This modification can be conducted in several actions, such as developing ICT applications and infrastructure; reorganizing the work system of all management dimensions that are trusted and accountable; increasing bureaucratic capacity and public knowledge; renewing the relationship between government and its people. This idea is relevant to the rapid development of the concept of adaptive governance and the strength of the role of ICT ...

Perhaps the most significant global impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is that it has catalysed accelerated innovation and change across various sectors. Businesses have had to pivot and innovate to survive in the "new normal", medical and health care industries have had to adapt rapidly in order to stay ahead of the growing global health crisis brought on by the pandemic, and governments have had to think out of the box to manage the political, social and economic challenges engendered by Covid-19. Amidst all of this, the Higher Education sector has also been forced to adapt to the challenges of the pandemic. In the South African context, innovation in higher education has focused mostly on teaching and learning, specifically the accelerated shift from traditional face-to-face teaching to the use of online learning platforms. However, what has been neglected is innovation in knowledge production and research. This article explores the role of academic researcher coaching as a support mechanism to enhance innovation and knowledge production through postgraduate academic research. It is argued that academic researcher coaching will become an increasingly valuable tool to provide holistic support to researchers, and that complements the traditional research supervisor role.

This article tries to elaborate the relationship between post-secularism, democracy and the public role of religion. The facts of religion's global revival show the failure of secularization thesis about the disappearance of religion from the public sphere. In political philosophy and social sciences, this phenomenon is called post-secularism. In this article, post-secularism is understood as a phenomenon of religion's revival in the public sphere or the legitimacy for public role of religion. This understanding is especially necessary to encourage religion in addressing political, social and humanitarian issues. However, this understanding does not ignore the fact that religion often becomes a scandal and terror for democracy. Therefore, in this article, post-secularism also needs another understanding, namely as "awareness of a reciprocal learning process" between religion and secularity, religious and secular citizens, faith and reason, religious doctrine and public reason. The last model of post-secularism is urgently needed in Indonesia.Key words: Post-secularism, secularization, religion, democracy.

This article argues that the development of queer theory as a field has been critically shaped by a desire to dissociate the studies of gender and sexuality from material concerns. Though what is meant by "the material" varies wildly from context to context, queer critiques of materialism have produced an entrenched impression of the incommensurability between queer theory and Marxism. Tracing the varied ways in which the notion of the material has been deployed by queer critics to pose questions about the economic reductionism of Marxism, empiricism, and corporeality, this article demonstrates that the material has functioned as a kind of spectral presence in queer theorizing, an enabling form of haunting that keeps critics worrying productively about the best way to stay true to the radically anticipatory orientation of early queer theory. The specter of the material provides the epistemological foundation for canonical texts in queer theory that do not appear to be concerned with Marxism, such as those of Butler and Sedgwick; it also serves as the conceptual fulcrum for a number of "queer Marxist" projects that attempt to synthesize these two traditions. This article concludes by suggesting that, instead of viewing queer theory and Marxism as intellectually incompatible or historically successive projects, we might productively reconceptualize them as subjectless critiques commonly concerned with the problem of social structuration.

Background: One of the phenomena that have begun to emerge amid the COVID-19 pandemic is an increase in unemployment. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) reported that in February 2020 there were 6.88 million unemployed, an increase of around 60,000 people over the same period in 2019. The unemployment rate reached 4.99% of the total workforce of 137.91 million people. The government projects an increase in the unemployment rate due to the pandemic could reach 5.23 million people. Economic difficulties are closely related to work as a source of income. Various studies have linked economic hardship with conflicts at home and work, mental health, unhappiness, and even causes of various diseases that lead to death. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not known when it will end, which has a huge impact on the economy, including the medical profession which may cause thoughts of taking illegal actions such as abortion. Case report: Reported a case of fetal abortion approximately eight weeks old at a clinic in Medan city. The victim was taken to the Pirngadi Hospital in Medan by the police along with a request for Visum et Repertum and an internal and external fetal examination was carried out right away. Result: On external examination: There were bruises of the corpse on the back and back of the upper and lower limbs, did not disappear on emphasis. There were stiff corpses in the jaw joints, neck, fingers, and toes that were easy to resist. We found the umbilical cord was still attached to the abdomen and one with the complete placenta. There were bruises, almost all of the surface of the umbilical cord and upper left arm to the forearm. There was extensive blood infiltration, almost all of the outer surface of the placenta. Fingernails and toes had not grown past the fingertips. Brownish color in the cross-sections of the upper leg bones (femur) and lower leg bones (tibia), as well as the bones that form the soles of the feet (talus, cuboid, and calcaneus). The tips of the fingers and toes were pale. Internal Examination: There was blood infiltration in the left scalp on the back, the crest of the skull, the thick membrane of the right brain, the left chest across the midline of the body, and on the front of the heart. There was a blood clot under the thick membrane of the left and right brain. There was a soft brain. There was found the dividing membrane of the chest and abdominal cavity (diaphragm), as high as the second and third ribs. On the touch, the surface of the lungs feels rubbery. In the lung buoyancy test, both lungs sink (negative lung buoyancy test). At the opening of the gastric cavity, the stomach and intestines are empty. Discussion: Based on the history of the investigators who went to the scene of the crime, the fetus was found in 4 layers of plastic bags at a clinic in Medan, which allegedly died as a result of being forced to remove it from its mother's womb by force or unnatural means. From the results of the provisional investigation that the clinician doctor who performed the abortion at the request of the fetus mother, who is currently a suspect who helped besides the main suspect is the fetus's mother, whose identity is not yet known. Conclusion: The victim is a fetal corpse, unknown, male gender, body length 24 cm, body weight 650 grams, reddish-brown skin color, the umbilical cord is still intact on the stomach, and placenta, hair has not yet grown. It is estimated that the fetus is 19-26 weeks old (not yet viable), with blood infiltration found in the left scalp area on the back, the crest of the skull, the thick membrane of the right brain, the surface of the umbilical cord, the placenta, the left chest opposite the midline the body and front surface of the heart accompanied by a blood clot under the thick membrane of the left and right brain.

This theoretical exposition aims to add to existing theory on state design and the durability of the liberal democratic experiment. This paper is written on the case of South Africa and the rise of contending regime narratives on the interaction between the state and the economy. The notion of the state being 'captured' may well be a nomenclature typical of a great number of states in developing political economies. While the scholarly analysis of weak or fragile states is, to a significant extent, embedded in South African political theory, the notion of a captured state is often conflated with the conceptual confines of the corrupt or criminalized state. The research result – or theoretical contribution this article makes – is to substantiate the postulation that state capture as a feature of state formation also reflects the emergence of a contending or alternative regime preference with a distinct moral justification supplementing liberal democratic experiments. Experimental liberal democracies are more prone to such constitutional or regime challenges. While systemic patronage is a regime preference, which often co-exists with liberal regime imperatives within the constitutional domain of liberal regimes, this paper reviews the state capture as the manifestation of sectarian interests in the formal economy encroaching on the domain of the constitutional state to gain a competitive advantage within the market/economy.

Recent research has provided broad accounts of what high institutional quality is; bureaucrats should be impartial and recruited on merit, public power should not be used for private gain, there should be rule of law, and property rights should be secure. Many scholars argue the reason why, in spite of this knowledge, recent institutional reforms have had limited success is that improvements are not in the interest of incumbent elites. Constraining elites is, therefore, crucial for institutional improvements. In this article, I argue that economic diversification functions as one such constraint on elite behavior, affecting their ability to form collusive coalitions. When the economy is concentrated to a few sectors, elite interests are more uniform making it easier for them to organize. However, as the economy becomes more diverse, collusion becomes harder and elites must settle for impartial institutions more often. I test the theory using cross-national time series data covering the last 25 years; the results corroborate the theory, as the economy of a country becomes more diverse, institutions become more impartial.

This dissertation investigated the doctrine of the responsibility to protect (R2P), which was unanimously endorsed at the 2005 UN World Summit by all the UN Member States. I determined the status of R2P in public international law. I found that, although the 2005 UN World Summit Outcome Document is not a source of international law, the responsibility to protect contained therein under paragraph 138, reiterated the existing international legal obligation of states to protect their populations from genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing. I have argued that if a state fails to fulfil its legal obligation to protect its population from mass violations of human rights, the principle of state sovereignty and its accompanying norm of non-intervention cannot prevent the international community from responding appropriately to protect the population of that state. But the international community does not have a legal obligation on how it should respond to situations of human rights violations. However, the responsibility to protect as contained in paragraph 139 of the 2005 UN World Summit Outcome Document and the constitutive documents of organizations such as the United Nations, the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have given authority to the international community to intervene in their member states in order to protect populations from mass atrocity crimes. On that basis, the responsibility to protect on the part of the international community exists. But the international community retains the discretion to decide on whether it should respond and how it should react to situations that fall within the scope of R2P. I used the three pillars of the responsibility to protect, contained in the 2009 report of the UN Secretary General to determine how the responsibility to protect was implemented in Nigeria to protect the population from crimes against humanity and war crimes perpetrated by members of the Islamic extremist militant group called Boko Haram. I analyzed various measures taken by the Nigerian government, the United Nations, the African Union, and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and concluded that the measures taken were not effective in defeating Boko Haram. Hence, I found that the responsibility to protect was not successfully implemented in Nigeria.