The aim of this paper is to assess and develop path loss propagation model for terrestial radio broadcasting station in Ikire, Nigeria. In carrying out the study, the reception quality of Osun State Corporation (OSBC) broadcast signal strength within Ikire metropolis in Irewole Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria was assessed using BC1173 Field Strength meter. The data obtained from the signal strength measurements around the metropolis were subsequently analysed and used for the development of an ideal propagation path loss model for the metropolis. The developed path loss model for the metropolis was evaluated and found to outperform the COST-231 Hata model in literature. The comparative performance evaluation result of the developed model and the COST-231 Hata model buttresses the need for developing different path loss models for different radio signals in different locations under different environmental factors. In addition, the finding of the study establishes a standard propagation path loss model that can be used for planning and designing efficient wireless communication link for terrestrial radio broadcasting station in the metropolis and any other environments with similar environmental factors.
Master's Thesis Curriculum in Landscape Architecture ; Open space refers to both natural and human-made areas that are used for outdoor recreation, However, there are only a few studies on the usage of open spaces in Nigeria. The embracement of the use of open spaces has been a questionable act in Nigeria as a result of people's perception, urbanization rate, inadequate planning, and adherence to cultural practices. Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there has been a decrease in the use of open spaces to curb the spread of the virus. The research is aimed at the impact of Covid-19 on open spaces usage in the neighborhood of Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria, during the pandemic. A research study was conducted among 80 respondents residing in Ikeja LGA. A convenience sampling technique was used to select respondents, with a semi-structured questionnaire to support the research objectives. Conversely, data was collected through Google Forms and oral interviews, and then data analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0. The findings revealed that the use of the public spaces by the younger population in the study area has reduced since the outbreak of Covid-19, while the older population indicated that they avoided using the open spaces due to the panic of Covid-19 effect on their health. Furthermore, this research brings out that the older population felt disengaged from their normal daily life even before the emergence of Covid-19. Secondly, it was revealed that since the pandemic, the use and value of public spaces in the study area had reduced drastically. ; Avalik ala viitab nii looduslikele kui ka inimtekkelistele aladele, mida kasutatakse õues puhkamiseks, kuid Nigeerias on läbi viidud vähe uuringuid nende kasutamise kohta. Selliste ruumide omaksvõtt on Nigeerias olnud keeruline inimeste arvamuste, urbaniseerumise määra, ebapiisava planeerimise ning kultuuritavade järgimise tõttu. Alates SARS-CoV-2 tekkimisest on vähenenud alade kasutamine viiruse leviku piiramiseks. See lõputöö mille eesmärk on vaadelda Covid-19 mõju avalike alade kasutamisele Ikeja kohaliku omavalitsuse piirkonnas, Lagos, Nigeerias. Uurimus viidi läbi 80 Ikeja LGA-s elava vastaja seas. Vastajate valimiseks kasutati mugandatud valimit koos poolstruktureeritud küsimustikuga, et toetada uurimuse eesmärke. Samal ajal koguti andmeid Google Formsi kaudu, suulisi intervjuusid ning andmeid analüüsiti IBM SPSS 20,0 abil. Järeldustest selgus, et uuringupiirkonna noorema elanikkonna alade kasutamine on vähenenud alates Covid-19 puhkemisest ning vanem elanikkond märkis, et nad vältisid avalike ruumide kasutamist murest, et Covid-19 võib mõjutada nende tervist. Lisaks tõid tulemused välja, et vanem elanikkond tundis end juba enne 19. Covid ilmumist oma tavalisest igapäevaelust eraldatuna. Uurimistööst selgus ka, et alates pandeemia algusest 2019. aastal on valimis olnud aladel avalike ruumide kasutus ja ruumi väärtus drastiliselt vähenenud.
Numerous evidence has revealed that African countries lagged behind in the attainment of health-related targets of the recent past Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Perhaps because most Africans depend largely on out-of-pocket payments for medical-care services during their health shocks experiences. Evidently, this has been a great concern to both citizens and policy makers across Africa for a long time. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of financial inclusion on health shocks in 36 African nations over the period of 2004 to 2016. The Fixed Effects model result indicates that increase in numbers of depositors with commercial banks proxy for financial inclusion is positive and significant to predict longevity in African nations. However, rise in population growth (the control variable) have a significant role to reduce average life expectancy in Africa. Thus, both African governments and their financial institutions may improve average life expectancy and human capital for more economic development through enhanced financial inclusion.
The level of poverty and prevailing poor health of many Nigerians has been a thing of concern to both health practitioners and policy makers. Despite the several poverty-alleviation programmes of successive governments in the country to promote the standard of living among our people, there is ample evidence to show that many Nigerians are still suffering from malnutrition and abject poverty especially in the rural areas. Honey production has however been reported to be a venture that requires little capital investment, but a fast income generator. Honey has also been used worldwide nutritionally and medicinally. In this paper, we reviewed the nutritional value of honey and how its production can bring sustainable income to individual and increase national foreign exchange earning thereby contributing to national development. The problem of adulterated honey was also noted and possible solution suggested.
Newborn deaths are often used as measure of living standard of citizens as well as health indicator of nations. The rate is so high in developing countries, and more in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. This paper therefore investigated the main drivers of infant mortality in a sample of eight SSA nations. The empirical findings reveal that newborn deaths are negative and statistically significant with the quality and availability of water supplies, sanitation facility, improved standard of living; but positively related and statistically significant to the increase in pollution level these countries. The study therefore recommend that government's efforts should also be directed towards enhancing effective child healthcare services, provision of infrastructural facilities such as, improving access to drinkable water, and citizens' welfare.
Forestry education has great importance in development of any country. But, unfortunately, its benefit is yet to be recognized properly in Nigeria. For over a decade, countries have been working to uplift their educational standard by providing quality higher education to their citizens, which is resulted into the formulation of various educational policies, apart from the fact that Lecturers/Instructors are regarded as the key players in the forest education. However, they are often accused of low performance and blamed for failing standard in Forestry education because of poor attitude to duty by some of them. This negativity has been attributed to various factors particularly insufficient motivation. The government and stakeholders in forest education have recently been taking giant strides towards restructuring and repositioning our forest educational system through various reforms. This paper examined other practical strategies, which could be adopted to spur Lecturer/Instructors toward high productivity for the actualizing of the objectives of forestry education for national development.
The fact that corruption has become one of the most notoriously persistent and progressively worsening social and welfare problems afflicting virtually all economic processes today is indisputable; while critics of corruption have long argued that corruption reflects government failure in providing health development infrastructures. This paper however provided the basis of theoretical interrelationships between corruption and health sector performances in West African countries. The paper also examines various policies measures as employed by other nations as lessons to improve the performances of health sector in these countries. One implication of these results as evidenced from Singapore, Hong Kong and Tunisia, is that attainment of stronger and effective institution and good governance will lower corruptive practices and improve health sector performances in West Africa nations. The paper therefore calls on governments of West African countries to concentrate on strengthening their institutions especially by reducing corruptive practices and promoting accountability, integrity and transparency in health sector.
The poor health outcomes (low longevity and high mortalities) in developing countries has been great concern for citizens and policy makers alike. Although, numerous studies have focus on socio-economic drivers (like education, age of mothers, income levels, and poverty) of health outcomes in developing nations; however, the same is not true for important exogenous determinants. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of access to clean drinkable water, sanitation, fertility rate, prevalence of HIV/AIDS, health financing, and child immunization on health outcomes in sub-Sahara African (SSA) region. To achieve this, the study explored Pooled OLS, Fixed and Random Effects covering 46 countries in the region from 2000 to 2015. The findings reveal that population health outcomes - as measured by infant and under-five mortalities rates are related negatively with increase public health financing, timely children immunization, quality drinkable water supply, but directly associated with higher fertility rate, and HIV prevalence. For life expectancy at birth, increase government health spending, timely children immunization, and quality drinkable water supply are positively predicted, while relate inversely with higher fertility rate, and HIV prevalence. The findings therefore suggest that for SSA countries to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal three of ensuring healthy lives before 2030; emphasis should on increasing public health financing, and provision of infrastructural facilities like clean water supply and sanitation. Again, greater attention should be on enhancing child immunization, reducing fertility rates and HIV prevalence in the region.
Numerous evidence has revealed that African countries lagged behind in the attainment of health-related targets of the recent past Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Perhaps because most Africans depend largely on out-of-pocket payments for medical-care services during their health shocks experiences. Evidently, this has been a great concern to both citizens and policy makers across Africa for a long time. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of financial inclusion on health shocks in 36 African nations over the period of 2004 to 2016. The Fixed Effects model result indicates that increase in numbers of depositors with commercial banks proxy for financial inclusion is positive and significant to predict longevity in African nations. However, rise in population growth (the control variable) have a significant role to reduce average life expectancy in Africa. Thus, both African governments and their financial institutions may improve average life expectancy and human capital for more economic development through enhanced financial inclusion.
The study examined travel disadvantage in selected rural border communities of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the survey. Two local government areas were selected from the border State (Oyo State) on the basis of their closeness to the border. Four rural border settlements were selected from each of the selected local government areas through simple random selection process. This was followed by selection of every third house in the respective settlements after the first house was randomly selected. A total of 115 duly completed questionnaires administered to the household head in each sampled household were used. It was discovered in the study that majority (94%) of the residents move around by trekking with 65% of the respondents trekking long distances between 1km and 5 km daily. The major reason for the travel disadvantage situation was attributed to the bad condition of the roads which restricts the movement of vehicle. However, in other to salvage the situation, the residents used communal labour to create new paths or widen the existing ones for easy passage of vehicles and passengers. Also the residents sold their products at extremely low prices to middlemen from towns. This study therefore concluded that transport situation in rural border areas of Nigeria needs urgent attention to ensure the liveability of the area and its economic development. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n2p123
The study examined the housing habitability of the rural elderly in selected rural communities of Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the survey. Four of the six local government areas in the hinterlands of Ibadan (Akinyele, Egbeda, Ido and Lagelu) were randomly selected. Three rural settlements were selected from each of the selected local government areas using simple random sampling method. The settlements are: Onidundu, Ojedeji, Obada, Idioro, Owobaale, Olodan, Ajiwogbo, Odebode Elere, Odetola, Abaedun, Lalupon, and Oyedeji. The sample size was determined by a snowball sampling technique where an elderly was located and the rest were referred in the study area. A total of 265 duly completed questionnaires administered to the elderly (age 60years and above) in each sampled household were used. It was discovered in the study that the rural elderly with habitable houses are those with better annual income, occupation and educational status. The study also revealed that the higher the age of the elderly, the poorer the housing facilities available for them to utilize. This study therefore concluded that many of the houses were inhabitable for the rural elderly which is an indicator of unlivable rural communities for the elderly. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4p545
