El presente artículo da cuenta de la violencia escolar que se manifiesta en los adolescentes de las escuelas preparatorias de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM). Los resultados se obtienen del análisis de indicadores que, de acuerdo al modelo ecológico del desarrollo humano de Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979), examinan el nivel individual, familiar, escolar y comunitario de los estudiantes. Se trató de un estudio empírico con metodología selectiva de encuesta, la cual fue aplicada a 1110 estudiantes de 1º y 2º año. como guía y orientación. Entre las principales conclusiones se destaca que, la violencia escolar es multicausal y multifactorial, además de propiciar alta ideación suicida en los jóvenes (principalmente las mujeres) a la edad de 16 años.
Purpose– The purpose of this article is to propose a theoretical model explaining information technology outsourcing performance in the public sector as well as a set of empirically testable propositions to improve the understanding of key determinants of success.Design/methodology/approach– Based on Fountain ' s technology enactment framework, the authors integrated inter-organizational factors, such as trust, knowledge sharing, and quality of outsourcing interfaces, in the model and added organizational culture alignment between service providers and public administration to enhance Fountain ' s original framework.Findings– The authors proposed 17 empirically testable propositions to establish the relationships between key variables in IT outsourcing projects in the public sector.Research limitations/implications– The proposed model provides guidance for future research aimed at advancing knowledge of IT outsourcing.Originality/value– The contribution lies in the development of specific variables, such as trust, knowledge, and organizational culture, which are related to building an outsourcing relationship and are used as determinants of the quality of organizational interfaces between public bureaucracies and IT outsourcing providers.
La idea de crear un Espacio Común Europeo de Educación Superior se viene perfeccionando para poder implantar los nuevos planes de estudio homogeneizados para toda la Unión Europea; siendo su finalidad la de preparar al alumnado universitario en unos conocimientos, capacidades, destrezas y actitudes conectados con los avances de la sociedad, para que éstos se puedan desenvolver en el ámbito laboral. Y en este caso, nos remitimos a los planes de estudio de la formación inicial del profesorado, donde los futuros docentes habrán de adquirir una serie de conocimientos que le permitan desarrollar con éxito su labor en la praxis educativa, destacando a los medios tecnológicos como un contenido necesario. ; The idea of creating a Common European Space of Top Education one comes perfecting to be able to implant the new plans of study homogenizations for the whole European Union; being your purpose it of preparing to the university student body in a few knowledges, capacities, skills and attitudes connected with the advances of the society, in order that these could be developed in the labour area. And in this case, we send ourselves to the plans of study of the initial formation of the professorship, where the educational futures will to acquire a series of knowledges that allow him to develop successfully your labour in the educational practice, standing out to the technological means as a necessary content.
Predecir adecuadamente el proceso de envejecimiento de la población es una preocupación no sólo de países desarrollados sino también de naciones en desarrollo que observan con preocupación el acelerado proceso de transición demográca de los últimos 50 años. La inquietud se origina en las repercusiones económicas y sociales que se derivan de una población que envejece. El sostenimiento de las personas mayores es un tema central que no da espera. Este trabajo realiza una proyección del gasto fiscal en pensiones para un horizonte de 50 años a través de la estimación de la población colombiana basada en la proyección de las tasas de mortalidad y fecundidad bajo dos escenarios diferentes, con y sin sobre-mortalidad masculina. Se proyecta el costo en pensiones en aumento superando 10% del PIB para 2050, siendo menor en el escenario sin sobre mortalidad. Lo que implica que disminuir la sobre mortalidad e incentivar el mercado laboral formal se constituyen en retos para la política social si el objetivo es controlar el gasto en pensiones. / Abstract. The right prediction of aging process concerns not only developed countries but also developing nations because of the accelerated process of demographic transition occurred in the last 50 years. The support of elderly people is a central issue that can not wait. The economic and social impacts from an aging population is the cause of the concern. This work makes a projection of fiscal expenditure on pensions based on an estimate of mortality rates in Colombia under two dierent settings, with and without male overmortality, nding that the expected expenditure increases with time exceeding 10% of GDP in 2050. Without overmortality the expenditure decreases. Therefore, whether the objective is to control the expenditure in public pensions, some challenges for social politics are reducing over mortality and stimulating formal employment. ; Maestría
Purpose Information technology (IT) constitutes an important driver for innovation in the public sector. However, taking advantage of IT to innovate requires the existence of other organizational and institutional capabilities within the public organization. Using absorptive capability theory, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between principles for IT governance and dynamic capabilities across semi-urban (between 10,000 and 149,000 inhabitants), urban (between 150,000 and 600,000 inhabitants) and metropolitan (more than 600,000 inhabitants ) municipal governments in Mexico.
Design/methodology/approach This study reports on three workshops involving 34 chief information officers (CIOs) from semi-urban, urban and metropolitan municipalities. The workshop agenda included a series of brainstorming exercises to discuss – among other topics – the capabilities required for digital government innovation. The capabilities collected during the workshops were codified by the authors based on their relationship to the six IT governance standardized principles and the four dynamic capabilities identified in the literature. The authors used descriptive and correlation analyses to show the importance of governance principles and dynamic capabilities for innovation, as well as the relationships between those two dimensions, in each type of municipality.
Findings This study shows that specific IT governance principles may enhance innovation capabilities linked with knowledge acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation. Moreover, the ways in which IT governance principles support innovation are linked to size, resources and complexity of the local government. In conclusion, this study discusses the primary IT policy implications to improve possibilities to innovate in the public sector.
Originality/value Although researchers and practitioners agree that following principles of good governance may enhance performance and innovation in the provision of public services, the link between the principles of IT governance and capabilities to spur innovation has not yet been fully established in the literature. Thus, in this study, empirical evidence of this linkage is provided.
Este artículo analiza el trabajo de defensoras de derechos humanos en 12 estados de México, quienes acompañan casos de feminicidios y desapariciones en un contexto de crisis de seguridad. Utilizando metodologías de grupos focales, se recaba información cualitativa sobre sus experiencias. Los hallazgos indican que las políticas estatales actuales, basadas en un feminismo institucionalizado, no abordan adecuadamente la diversidad de necesidades de las mujeres. Se sugiere la adopción de un enfoque transversal que considere la variedad de experiencias y voces de las defensoras para combatir la violencia de género de manera más efectiva.
The present investigation pretends to describe the situation that originated the approval of an antitrust law that focuses on preventive control of mergers and acquisitions in Peru. For this aim, we will first take a look on the historical frame of this type of laws and how this law came into his creation. Secondly, this article will explain the broad discussion for those who are in favor and against it that intends to protect fair competition avoiding the abuse of dominant position that will cause damage to the consumers. Finally, this essay will develop a small comparison with other foreign regulations that have already implemented this type of law into their respective legislation. ; El presente trabajo, pretende describir la situación que originó la aprobación de la "Ley de Control Previo de las Fusiones y Adquisiciones" en el Perú. Primero se hará un pequeño recuento de por qué surgió la propuesta de incluir esta ley en nuestro ordenamiento. Segundo, reseñar el gran debate entre los que están a favor y en contra de esta ley que pretende proteger la libre competencia evitando el abuso de la posición de dominio que causará perjuicio en los consumidores. Finalmente, se desarrollará una pequeña comparación con legislaciones extranjeras que ya implementaron esta ley en su respectiva legislación.
El presente artículo es el resultado de la investigación realizada en el complejo de servicios del sur C.S.S de la ciudad de Tunja, con el objetivo de identificar los factores que influyen en la deserción escolar de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA), busca plantear el diseño de una propuesta que permita prevenir el trabajo infantil y el ausentismo escolar, además de vincular a los NNA desescolarizados al sistema escolar. La propuesta se enfoca en un acompañamiento y evaluación del sistema familiar y escolar, además de la puesta en escena de la intervención grupal a los NNA, desde la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples con el acompañamiento de un equipo profesional interdisciplinar. Así mismo se pretende, el planteamiento de un sistema municipal de protección de Derechos Humanos (DDHH), en relación con el trabajo infantil, fundamentado en el decreto 4100 de 2011, por el cual se crea el Sistema Nacional de Derechos Humanos y el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, con el fin de que las entidades competentes en relación con los DDHH, aporten y contribuyan en la protección de los ciudadanos y la formulación de políticas públicas, que en este caso garanticen la promoción y el ejercicio de los derechos de los NNA que ejercen trabajo infantil en la ciudad de Tunja. ; This article is there sult of the research carried out in the south service´s complex (C.S.S) In Tunja, with the objective of identifying the factors that influence in the school desertion of children and teenager´s(NNA)to design a proposal that prevents the child labor and the poor school attendance, also it integrates the NNA children out to school and the scholar system, the proposal is focused in an accompaniment and evaluation of the scholar and family system. West age the group dynamics ince the theory of multiple intelligences and the approach of a municipal system of protection Humans Rights(DDHH) in relation with the labor child, taking as reference the decree number 4100 of 2011, by which it is created the National system of Right Humans and the International Humanitarian Law, in order to the relevant entities would contribute in the protection of the citizens and the creation of public politics to ensure the promotion and guaranty of the rights of the NNA who exercise the labor child in Tunja. ; 531-548 ; c.magnoliamoreno@gmail.com ; Anual
The COVID-19 pandemic has put the world's governments in an unprecedented situation in which it is necessaryto make quick decisions regarding the best strategies to reduce transmission. As part of these strategies,disinfection booths in the community are being implemented in many parts of the world. This document seeksto evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the disinfection booth for people to use in the community through anexhaustive search in the main bibliographic databases as well as in the main relevant institutions worldwide.After conducting the search, we found three technical documents in which the use of these technologies is notrecommended because there is insufficient evidence and because they are of potential risk for people dueto mucosal conditions. Another WHO recommendation document, although it does not specifically mentiontechnology, mentions that the spraying of disinfecting substances should be avoided in people due to healthrisks. In conclusion, we found no scientific evidence to support the use of this technology. ; La pandemia de COVID-19 ha puesto a los gobiernos del mundo ante una situación sin precedentes en la cuales necesario tomar decisiones rápidas con respecto a las mejores estrategias para disminuir la transmisión.Como parte de estas estrategias, en muchos lugares del mundo se están implementando cabinas dedesinfección de personas en la comunidad. El presente documento busca evaluar la efectividad y seguridadde la cabina de desinfección de personas para uso en la comunidad a través de una búsqueda exhaustivaen las principales bases de datos bibliográficas así como en las prinicipales instituciones relevantes anivel mundial. Después de realizar la búsqueda, encontramos tres documento técnicos en los que no serecomienda el uso de estas tecnologías debido a que no hay evidencia suficiente y por ser de potencialriesgo para las personas por afección en mucosas. Otro documento de recomendación de la OMS, si bienno menciona a la tecnología específicamente, menciona que se debería evitar el rociamiento de sustanciasdesinfectantes en las personas por riesgos en la salud. En conclusión, no encontramos evidencia científicaque respalde el uso de esta tecnología.
International audience ; Nowadays, continuous monitoring is a mandatory issue for almost all industries worldwide. For example, as a part of the quality control process, a large amount of samples is tested in food and beverage industries. Also, as a result of public concern about environmental pollution an accurate and faster monitoring is demanded by current legislations (Rodriguez-Mozaz, Marco et al. 2004). Traditional monitoring has been carried out by chromatographic techniques, which offer high accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity even in complex samples. But, even the outstanding characteristics of chromatographic techniques a faster, cheaper and reliable monitoring is highly desirable for applications where chromatographic techniques are not well suited (i.e. field monitoring, testing large amount of samples) (Rodriguez-Mozaz, Lopez de Alda et al. 2007) (Salvador, Adrian et al. 2007)Some years ago, biosensors emerged as alternative tools for several monitoring applications involving the determination of a single analyte (i.e. toxin, biocide, metals) (Thevenot, Toth et al. 2001). However, as the number of analytes to monitor increase a multianalyte approach is now required. Usually, biosensors are designed to expose a high selectivity to a single analyte which makes difficult a multianalyte determination with a single device. Sensor arrays (i.e. sensors with different sensitivities and selectivities) have been proposed as an alternative to determinate several analytes with a single step (del Valle 2010). In the case of biosensors, arrays with different bioreceptors are integrated to achieve different selectivity and sensitivity to several analytes. But, since the higher order information provided by the biosensor array cannot be processed with the classical univariate approach a robust mathematical model is needed (Hierlemann and Gutierrez-Osuna 2008). In this sense, artificial neural networks have been successfully applied as multivariate calibration tool for such high order data to achieve a multianalyte determination(Bachmann, Leca et al. 2000) (Covaci, Sassolas et al. 2012) (Alonso, Istamboulie et al. 2012). In addition, artificial neural networks are able to model the nonlinearities found in sensor array providing a wider range of operation, even if the single devices do not provide conclusive information by themselves. For faster training, some authors have incorporated automatic flow injection systems to handle liquid samples(Gutes, Cespedes et al. 2007). The incorporation of flow systems, biosensor array and artificial neural networks to provide information has lead to new dedicated devices for automatic monitoring of pollutants (Valdes-Ramirez, Gutierrez et al. 2009, Crew, Lonsdale et al. 2011). These devices can be potentially used as monitoring tools in field applications providing continuous information of the analyzed samples.This chapter attention is focus on the use of biosensor array for pollutant detection, emphasizing the use of artificial neural network as a multivariate calibration tool for multianalyte determination. In the first part, a brief description of biosensors as a single analytical tool is presented. Then, a complete review of monitoring of pollutants with biosensor arrays and the corresponding neural network modeling is covered. Finally, some fully integrated devices are presented and their potential applications as monitoring tools are discussed.
The Asturias Government (PCTI) co-funding 2018-2022/FEDER (IDI/2018/146 to M.F.F.), the Fundación General CSIC (0348_CIE_6_E to M.F.F.), the Health Institute Carlos III (Plan Nacional de I+D+I) co-funding FEDER (PI18/01527 to M.F.F and A.F.F.), the MINECO (DEP2015-69980-P to B.F.G.). R.G.U. is supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). J.R.T. is supported by a Juan de la Cierva fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 (IJC2018-036825-I) (.) ; Urdinguio, RG; Tejedor, JR; Fernandez-Sanjurjo, M; Perez, RF; Penarroya, A; Ferrero, C; Codina-Martinez, H; Diez-Planelles, C; Pinto-Hernandez, P; Castilla-Silgado, J; Coto-Vilcapoma, A; Diez-Robles, S; Blanco-Agudin, N; Tomas-Zapico, C; Iglesias-Gutierrez, E; Fernandez-Garcia, B; Fernandez, AF; Fraga, MF
