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Considering the goals of Modern Monetary Theorists, this article examines inflation stabilization and employment maximization through a Taylor Rule for fiscal policy, similar to John Taylor's foundational examination of the behavior of the Federal Reserve. If it is the role of the federal government to aid in the maintenance of the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, then their behavior should follow a similar policy of setting an intermediate target of deficits relative to the maximum employment (the "Federal Job Guarantee") and the inflation target. The paper will compare the historical data with the rule. When the predictions of the Deficit Rule are compared to historical data from 1965, we find that fiscal policy aligns with what the Deficit Rule predicts with two exceptions: the stagflation of the 1970s and the current increases in budget deficits.

Maritime piracy is a growing scourge on the international community-imposing large costs on maritime states and the shipping industry, as well as potentially undermining state capacity and funding terrorism. Using original data on over 3,000 pirate attacks, the authors argue that these attacks are, in part, a response to poor labor market opportunities. To establish this, the authors take advantage of the strong effect of commodity prices on labor market opportunities in piracy-prone states. Consistent with this theory, the authors show that changes in the price of labor- and capital-intensive commodities have consistent and strong effects on the number of pirate attacks in a country's territorial waters each month. The authors confirm these results by instrumenting for commodity prices using monthly precipitation levels. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]

Maritime piracy is a growing scourge on the international community—imposing large costs on maritime states and the shipping industry, as well as potentially undermining state capacity and funding terrorism. Using original data on over 3,000 pirate attacks, the authors argue that these attacks are, in part, a response to poor labor market opportunities. To establish this, the authors take advantage of the strong effect of commodity prices on labor market opportunities in piracy-prone states. Consistent with this theory, the authors show that changes in the price of labor- and capital-intensive commodities have consistent and strong effects on the number of pirate attacks in a country's territorial waters each month. The authors confirm these results by instrumenting for commodity prices using monthly precipitation levels.

The applicability of the notion of conflict transformation, ie, the establishment of peaceful & just multicultural societies, to those emerging from protracted, violent conflict is examined through case study analysis of Northern Ireland. Three general categories of conflict transformation are discussed: (1) inner change, emphasizing promotion of forgiveness & movement beyond hate or misperception; (2) intercultural dialogue, emphasizing breaching of mental barricades & deconstruction of destructive myths & exaggerated enemy images; & (3) structural change, emphasizing change in the social order. The interrelationship of these approaches are highlighted. Adapted from the source document.

IN EXAMINING CONSTRUCTIVE RESPONSES TO THE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY VIOLENT ETHNIC CONFLICT A DISTINCTION IS OFTEN MADE BETWEEN THE 'MANAGEMENT' AND 'RESOLUTION' APPROACHES. INDEED, THEY ARE OFTEN DEFINED SO AS TO MAKE THEM INCOMPATIBLE WITH EACH OTHER. THE BASIC ASSUMPTIONS UPON WHICH THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE TWO APPROACHES ARE BASED ARE ANALYSED, AND THE WEAKNESSES OF EACH ARE EXPLORED. FINALLY, THE ASSUMPTION OF BASIC INCOMPATIBILITY IS QUESTIONED, BECAUSE IT IS GENERALLY UNHELPFUL IN PROMOTING CONFLICT RESOLUTION; AND AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO SHOW HOW THE TWO APPROACHES CAN BE COMBINED BY INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT OF PEACE-KEEPING (MANAGEMENT) AND PEACE-MAKING AND PEACE-BUILDING (RESOLUTION).

It is rather surprising to note how slow the discipline of international relations was to recognize the importance of ethnic groups as a significant factor in world politics. Whereas there were numerous works in the inter-war period that dealt with the 'minorities problem' for over two decades since 1945 this Issue was ignored by most, if not all, of the standard texts on international relations.

Partial contents: Ethnic conflict and international theory; The theory of stability in multi-ethnic states; Coping with conflict in multi-national societies.