Suchergebnisse

In order to secure valuable materials and to establish better circular economy practice, new legislation to promote recycling of small-sized e-waste including used mobile phones started in April 2013, in Japan. In order to consider appropriate methods to reduce material usage in mobile phone production, an examination of appropriate strategies in handling used mobile phone products is warranted. This paper investigates an analysis of material flow model for used mobile phones. Then, by analyzing the model, it tries to find suitable strategies to reduce the material consumption associated with mobile phone production and consumption. Although material recycling is an important strategy in Japan, other waste management options exist. This research indicates which factors are keys in reducing material consumption and CO2 emission, and establishing resource efficient production. The study concludes that "domestic product reuse" and "official recycling networks" are equally good in reducing the consumption of virgin materials associated with mobile phone production. However, in doing so, it is necessary to establish a system in which consumers can properly return their used mobile phones for recycling. Such an end-of-life waste management system can reduce both waste and resource consumption and the environmental impacts associated with increasing mobile phone production. Further research investigating the value of increasing the product reuse rate and the collection return rate for mobile phones is also warranted.

Il lavoro, fondato sull'analisi di dati derivanti da un modello di microsimulazione che utilizza congiuntamente fonti amministrative e indagini socio-economiche, discute i problemi dell'accesso per gli stranieri al Reddito di cittadinanza dovuti in particolare al requisito di durata della permanenza e alla scala di equivalenza adottata. Per limitare la penalizzazione della popolazione straniera, che già sconta una maggiore diffusione e intensità della povertà, si illustrano gli effetti di una possibile riforma di questi due aspetti della misura sui beneficiari e sulla spesa pubblica.

The influence of the United States in its diverse manifestations has a long history in Latin America. While research and academic studies over the course of recent decades have highlighted the strong influence of the United States in the international economic and political arenas, few have alluded to its hegemonic but subtle influence on higher education in the region. The practices of evaluating and accrediting institutions and educational programs around the world as a means for society to hold them to account and ensure compliance with certain quality parameters have predominated throughout the last three decades. The foregoing would give reason to conclude that the United States is the nation with the most experience in the evaluation and accreditation. ; La presencia estadounidense en sus diversas manifestaciones tiene una historia profunda en el caso de la región latinoamericana. Resultado de investigaciones y trabajos académicos a lo largo de las últimas décadas ha puesto en evidencia la fuerte presencia de los Estados Unidos en los ámbitos económico y político; sin embargo, poco se ha aludido a la influencia hegemónica pero sutil que mantiene en la región en la educación superior. Durante las tres últimas décadas han persistido los planteamientos de evaluación y acreditación de instituciones y programas educativos alrededor del mundo como una forma de rendir cuentas a la sociedad y cumplir con ciertos parámetros de calidad. Lo anterior daría pie a considerar que la nación con más experiencia en evaluación y acreditación de instituciones y programas educativos era y es Estados Unidos. Actualmente esta hegemonía ha tomado otra forma, la acreditación directa estadounidense a instituciones y programas educativos superiores latinoamericanos.

A presente pesquisa investiga a capacidade instalada de energia elétrica no Brasil, buscando um padrão de comportamento referente a essa temática, assim sendo, procura constatar se existe a necessidade de implementar melhorias ao processo produção. Analisou-se o desempenho por meio de algumas técnicas estatísticas recomendadas nos programas de qualidade, como medidas descritivas, gráficos e testes de hipóteses. Para tanto calculou-se os limites inferiores e superiores de controle para média e desvio padrão, verificou-se a normalidade e simetria. Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade instalada de energia das regiões brasileiras está relacionada ao desempenho e produção. Durante o período de 9 anos (2012-2020), não foi detectado um único ponto que se extrapola os limites de controle. Mesmo com a subjetividade envolvida no processo, os resultados encontrados indicaram a necessidade constante de monitoramento, fornecendo subsídios para melhoria do processo. Portanto, o controle estatístico de processo pode identificar aos distribuidores de energia se os geradores do sistema estão fornecendo e possuem a capacidade instalada com variáveis em estado de controle estatístico.

PurposeThe aim of this paper was to explore the linkage between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and person-centered care (PCC). The scope of the review was, therefore, to identify whether – as a result of such linkage – CSR may be a potential vehicle for delivering PCC within health-care organizations.Design/methodology/approachData were retrieved by searching multiple keywords on PubMed, Medline and Scopus databases with inclusion/exclusion criteria based on years of publication from 2001 to 2018, language, no geographic restrictions, paper focus, research and document types. A total of 56 articles (N = 56) were selected and reviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and compare the main features of PCC and CSR.FindingsThe findings revealed that while CSR and PCC are interrelated, CSR features are not being exploited in their entirety in formalizing PCC as part of the CSR strategy. In particular, the two salient CSR features explicitly referred to in conjunction with explicit PCC characteristics are quality of care and health communication. Furthermore, patients' rights and dignity were the leading implicit CSR features mentioned in conjunction with both explicit and implicit PCC characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsSubjectivity of researchers, limited number of databases and publication types included are the main limitations of this research.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper analyzing CSR and PCC in an interrelated way.

Background: Preventive health services (PHSs) form part of primary healthcare with the aim of screening to prevent disease. Migrants show significant differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk factors compared with the native populations. This can have a significant impact on migrants' access to health systems and participation in prevention programmes. Even in countries with widely accessible healthcare systems, migrants' access to PHSs may be difficult. The aim of the study was to compare access to preventive health services between migrants and native populations in five European Union (EU) countries. Methods: Information from Health Interview Surveys of Belgium, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain were used to analyse access to mammography, Pap smear tests, colorectal cancer screening and flu vaccination among migrants. The comparative risk of not accessing PHSs was calculated using a mixed-effects multilevel model, adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, education and the presence of disability). Migrant status was defined according to citizenship, with a distinction made between EU and non-EU countries. Results: Migrants, in particular those from non-EU countries, were found to have poorer access to PHSs. The overall risk of not reporting a screening test or a flu vaccination ranged from a minimum of 1.8 times (colorectal cancer screening), to a high of 4.4 times (flu vaccination) for migrants. The comparison among the five EU countries included in the study showed similarities, with particularly limited access recorded in Italy and in Belgium for non-EU migrants. Conclusions: The findings of this study are in accordance with evidence from the scientific literature. Poor organization of health services, in Italy, and lack of targeted health policies in Belgium may explain these findings. PHSs should be responsive to patient diversity, probably more so than other health services. There is a need for diversity-oriented, migrant-sensitive prevention. Policies oriented to removing impediments to migrants' access to preventive interventions are crucial, to encourage more positive action for those facing the risk of intersectional discrimination. ; peer-reviewed

Background: Preventive health services (PHSs) form part of primary healthcare with the aim of screening to prevent disease. Migrants show significant differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk factors compared with the native populations. This can have a significant impact on migrants' access to health systems and participation in prevention programmes. Even in countries with widely accessible healthcare systems, migrants' access to PHSs may be difficult. The aim of the study was to compare access to preventive health services between migrants and native populations in five European Union (EU) countries. Methods: Information from Health Interview Surveys of Belgium, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain were used to analyse access to mammography, Pap smear tests, colorectal cancer screening and flu vaccination among migrants. The comparative risk of not accessing PHSs was calculated using a mixed-effects multilevel model, adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, education and the presence of disability). Migrant status was defined according to citizenship, with a distinction made between EU and non-EU countries. Results: Migrants, in particular those from non-EU countries, were found to have poorer access to PHSs. The overall risk of not reporting a screening test or a flu vaccination ranged from a minimum of 1.8 times (colorectal cancer screening), to a high of 4.4 times (flu vaccination) for migrants. The comparison among the five EU countries included in the study showed similarities, with particularly limited access recorded in Italy and in Belgium for non- EU migrants. Conclusions: The findings of this study are in accordance with evidence from the scientific literature. Poor organization of health services, in Italy, and lack of targeted health policies in Belgium may explain these findings. PHSs should be responsive to patient diversity, probably more so than other health services. There is a need for diversity-oriented, migrant-sensitive prevention. Policies oriented to removing impediments to migrants' access to preventive interventions are crucial, to encourage more positive action for those facing the risk of intersectional discrimination.

Background: Preventive health services (PHSs) form part of primary healthcare with the aim of screening to prevent disease. Migrants show significant differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk factors compared with the native populations. This can have a significant impact on migrants' access to health systems and participation in prevention programmes. Even in countries with widely accessible healthcare systems, migrants' access to PHSs may be difficult. The aim of the study was to compare access to preventive health services between migrants and native populations in five European Union (EU) countries. Methods: Information from Health Interview Surveys of Belgium, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain were used to analyse access to mammography, Pap smear tests, colorectal cancer screening and flu vaccination among migrants. The comparative risk of not accessing PHSs was calculated using a mixed-effects multilevel model, adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, education and the presence of disability). Migrant status was defined according to citizenship, with a distinction made between EU and non-EU countries. Results: Migrants, in particular those from non-EU countries, were found to have poorer access to PHSs. The overall risk of not reporting a screening test or a flu vaccination ranged from a minimum of 1.8 times (colorectal cancer screening), to a high of 4.4 times (flu vaccination) for migrants. The comparison among the five EU countries included in the study showed similarities, with particularly limited access recorded in Italy and in Belgium for non- EU migrants. Conclusions: The findings of this study are in accordance with evidence from the scientific literature. Poor organization of health services, in Italy, and lack of targeted health policies in Belgium may explain these findings. PHSs should be responsive to patient diversity, probably more so than other health services. There is a need for diversity-oriented, migrant-sensitive prevention. Policies oriented to removing impediments to migrants' access to preventive interventions are crucial, to encourage more positive action for those facing the risk of intersectional discrimination.

Background: Preventive health services (PHSs) form part of primary healthcare with the aim of screening to prevent disease. Migrants show significant differences in lifestyle, health beliefs and risk factors compared with the native populations. This can have a significant impact on migrants' access to health systems and participation in prevention programmes. Even in countries with widely accessible healthcare systems, migrants' access to PHSs may be difficult. The aim of the study was to compare access to preventive health services between migrants and native populations in five European Union (EU) countries. Methods: Information from Health Interview Surveys of Belgium, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain were used to analyse access to mammography, Pap smear tests, colorectal cancer screening and flu vaccination among migrants. The comparative risk of not accessing PHSs was calculated using a mixed-effects multilevel model, adjusting for potential confounding factors (sex, education and the presence of disability). Migrant status was defined according to citizenship, with a distinction made between EU and non-EU countries. Results: Migrants, in particular those from non-EU countries, were found to have poorer access to PHSs. The overall risk of not reporting a screening test or a flu vaccination ranged from a minimum of 1.8 times (colorectal cancer screening), to a high of 4.4 times (flu vaccination) for migrants. The comparison among the five EU countries included in the study showed similarities, with particularly limited access recorded in Italy and in Belgium for non-EU migrants. Conclusions: The findings of this study are in accordance with evidence from the scientific literature. Poor organization of health services, in Italy, and lack of targeted health policies in Belgium may explain these findings. PHSs should be responsive to patient diversity, probably more so than other health services. There is a need for diversity-oriented, migrant-sensitive prevention. Policies oriented to removing impediments to migrants' access to preventive interventions are crucial, to encourage more positive action for those facing the risk of intersectional discrimination. ; publishersversion ; published

Esta pesquisa analisou a qualidade no serviço de transporte público coletivo por ônibus e seus impactos ambientais no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Para isso foi realizado um survey com uma amostra constituída por 200 respondentes entre usuários e funcionários das empresas de ônibus. A análise e transformação dos dados qualitativos em quantitativos foram feitas a partir de uma metodologia de análise multicritério que tem uma abordagem construtivista (MCDA-C). O desempenho considerando a percepção global foi de -7 pontos e está na faixa entre o resultado péssimo e o indiferente. Esses achados indicam necessidades de melhorias no serviço de transporte público coletivo por ônibus no Distrito Federal.

Palavras chaves: Análise multicritério; Transporte público; Ônibus; Qualidade de serviço; Impactos ambientais.